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301 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
- Founded the Bauhaus in Germany & designed Dessau campus
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(01) Walter Gropius (1883-1969)
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- Left Bauhaus in 1928 - migrated to USA 1937 – teaching at Harvard
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(01) Walter Gropius (1883-1969)
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- Introduced Bauhaus concepts to American architectural education
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(01) Walter Gropius (1883-1969)
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Founded TAC: The Architects’ Collaborative in Boston 1945
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(01) Walter Gropius (1883-1969)
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Adapted International Style to New England context
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Gropius House, Lincoln, MA (1938) w/ Marcel Breuer
Walter Gropius |
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- Adapted vernacular materials: vertical wood board siding
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Gropius House, Lincoln, MA (1938)
Gropius w/ Marcel Breuer |
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- Integrated art by several Bauhaus artists (Arp, Miro’, Albers, others)
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Graduate Center (now Harkness Commons), Harvard (1949-50)
Walter Gropius |
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- First “modern” dorm building on American campus (w/ Aalto at MIT)
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Graduate Center (now Harkness Commons), Harvard (1949-50)
Walter Gropius |
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- Transparency, shading and ventilation
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American Embassy, Athens, Greece (1956-61)
Walter Gropius |
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- Replaced Gropius & Meyer at Bauhaus (1930-33)
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Mies van der Rohe
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- Emigrated to USA 1938 – Director of Architecture School at Armour
Institute of Technology in Chicago – designed campus for renamed IIT |
Mies van der Rohe
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- Concept of “universal space” to provide programmatic flexibility
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Mies van der Rohe
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- “Less is more/god is in the detail/you want to be interesting or good?”
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Mies van der Rohe
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- Rectangular grid w/ steel frame buildings related to grid
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Illinois Institute of Technology campus, Chicago (1938-)
Mies van der Rohe |
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- Roof suspended from exterior structure to provide interior flexibility
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Crown Hall, IIT campus (1956) new architecture building
Mies van der Rohe |
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- Transparent glass curtain wall
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Crown Hall, IIT campus (1956) new architecture building
Mies van der Rohe |
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- First expressed steel frame and glass high-rise housing in USA
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860 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago lake front (1949-51)
Mies van der Rohe |
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- Structural steel concealed by fireproofing - exterior expressive steel
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860 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago lake front (1949-51)
Mies van der Rohe |
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- Glass-walled house floats above site
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Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois (1951-52)
Mies van der Rohe |
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- Conceptual expression of transparency…not always functional
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Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois (1951-52)
Mies van der Rohe |
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- Often cited as most elegant model of all high-rise buildings
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Seagram Building, NYC (1958)
Mies van der Rohe w/ Philip Johnson |
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- Set back from street edge to create entry plaza – urban consideration
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Seagram Building, NYC (1958) w/ Philip Johnson
Mies van der Rohe |
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- Founded in 1928 by Gropius, Sert, Giedion, Le Corbusier & others
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CIAM: Congres Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne
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- Help overcome resistance from the academic & official establishment.
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CIAM: Congres Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne
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- Provide forum for discussions with common formats.
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CIAM: Congres Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne
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- CIAM I (La Serraz 1928) Manifesto of Contemporary Architecture
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CIAM: Congres Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne
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International Congresses for Modern Architecture
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CIAM: Congres Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne
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CIAM II
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(Frankfurt 1929) Low income housing
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CIAM III
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(Brussels 1930) Rational site planning
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CIAM IV
(this card will be repeated backwards) |
(Athens & Marseilles on Patris II 1933) Athens Charter
33 cities studied: living, working, recreation & circulation Athens Charter = principles of modern city planning |
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Athens Charter = principles of modern city planning
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CIAM IV
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33 cities studied: living, working, recreation & circulation
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CIAM IV
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(Athens & Marseilles on Patris II 1933) Athens Charter
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CIAM IV
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CIAM V
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(Paris 1937) Housing & recreation
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CIAM VI
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Bridgewater 1947) aesthetics: public perception vs artist
A Decade of New Architecture by Geidion |
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CIAM VII
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(Bergamo 1949) matrix (Grid) discussion of urban issues
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CIAM VIII
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(Hoddesdon 1950) “The Heart of the City”
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CIAM IX
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(Aix-en-Provence 1953) Habitate
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CIAM X
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(Dubrovnik 1956) “Team X” = CIAM imploded
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- Housing the focus of post WW II efforts due to need
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Post-War Developments in France
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- Le Corbusier
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Post-War Developments in France
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- Systems building experiments for schools & housing (CLASP)
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Post-War Developments in Great Britain`
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- New town movement
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Post-War Developments in Great Britain`
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- Housing & office blocks
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Post-War Developments in Great Britain`
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- Brutalism: Peter & Alison Smithson – Hunstanton School (1954)
What style and where? |
Post-War Developments in Great Britain`
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- Pier Luigi Nervi: Reinforced concrete – Exhibition Hall, Turin (1949)
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Post-War Developments in Italy``
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- Le Corbusier: Ministry of Education, Rio de Janeiro (1936-45)
What style and where? |
Modernism in South America
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) - Lucio Costa: Planner of Brasilia
What style and where? |
Modernism in South America
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- Oscar Niemeyer: Brasilia (1950-60)
What style and where? |
Modernism in South America
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- Felix Candela: Concrete thin shell structures in Mexico
(hyperbolic paraboloids) What Style and where? |
Modernism in South America
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- Buildings raised above a park-like communal setting
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La Villa Radieuse The Radiant City = ideal city concept (1933)
Le Corbusier |
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- Le Modular system of proportions based on human body
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Unite d’Habitation Unified Dwelling House, Marseille (1946-52)
le corbusier |
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- Concrete expressing the construction formwork process
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Unite d’Habitation Unified Dwelling House, Marseille (1946-52)
le corbusier |
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- Set in a park-like landscape and raised on pilotis
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Unite d’Habitation Unified Dwelling House, Marseille (1946-52)
le corbusier |
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- Self-contained system with “shopping street” & roof-top recreation
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Unite d’Habitation Unified Dwelling House, Marseille (1946-52)
le corbusier |
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- Units allow cross ventilation w/ facades on both elevations
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Unite d’Habitation Unified Dwelling House, Marseille (1946-52)
Le Corbusier |
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- Brises-soleil sunscreens
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Unite d’Habitation Unified Dwelling House, Marseille (1946-52)
le corbusier |
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- Anti-urban: ignores community context and street
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Unite d’Habitation Unified Dwelling House, Marseille (1946-52)
le corbusier |
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- Pilgrimmage church on hilltop w/ exterior altar for large services
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Notre-Dame-du-Haut Church at Ronchamp (1951-55) near Belfort
le corbusier |
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- Not based on “rational” industrial technology of International Style
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Notre-Dame-du-Haut Church at Ronchamp (1951-55) near Belfort
le corbusier |
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- Sculptural possibilities of space and expressive material usage
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Notre-Dame-du-Haut Church at Ronchamp (1951-55) near Belfort
Le Corbusier |
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- Concrete roof “floats” on steel frame w/ massive non-bearing walls
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Notre-Dame-du-Haut Church at Ronchamp (1951-55) near Belfort
le corbusier |
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Manipulation of light, color and textural quality of materials
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Notre-Dame-du-Haut Church at Ronchamp (1951-55) near Belfort
le corbusier |
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- Monastery fuses medieval & modern character
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Ste.-Marie-de-la-Tourette Monastery, Eveux-sur-l’Arbresle (1956-60)
le corbusier |
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- Rough exposed concrete – sometimes painted vibrant colors
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Ste.-Marie-de-la-Tourette Monastery, Eveux-sur-l’Arbresle (1956-60)
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- Complex use of light in many varied ways
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Ste.-Marie-de-la-Tourette Monastery, Eveux-sur-l’Arbresle (1956-60)
le corbusier |
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- Return to use of Corbu proportional systems in mullions & pilotis
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Ste.-Marie-de-la-Tourette Monastery, Eveux-sur-l’Arbresle (1956-60)
le corbusier |
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Master Plan and design of symbolic government buildings
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Chandigarh, Punjab, India (1951-59) provincial capital city
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- Government center = sculptural buildings set apart in a garden setting
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Chandigarh, Punjab, India (1951-59) provincial capital city
le corbusier |
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- Both “rational” and sculptural – sun control a major design element
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Chandigarh, Punjab, India (1951-59) provincial capital city
le corbusier |
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- Designed in association w/ Jose Luis Sert
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Carpenter Center of the Visual Arts, Harvard, Cambridge, MA (1961-63)
le corbusier |
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- Contextural to USA concepts of transportation, not campus
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Carpenter Center of the Visual Arts, Harvard, Cambridge, MA (1961-63)
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- Reflects many aspects of Le Corbusier’s design traditions: pilotis,
concrete, suncontrol, open space planning, play of sculptural/rational |
Carpenter Center of the Visual Arts, Harvard, Cambridge, MA (1961-63)
le corbusier |
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- Public pathway through building w/ transparency
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Carpenter Center of the Visual Arts, Harvard, Cambridge, MA (1961-63)
le corbusier |
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- Metal system bolted together = conceptual flexibility
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Corbusier Pavilion, Zurich, Switzerland
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- Fuses industrial tradition and sculptural character
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Corbusier Pavilion, Zurich, Switzerland
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- The International Style (1932) w/ Henry Russell Hitchcock
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Phillip Johnson
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- 1938 entered Harvard Graduate School of Design w/ Gropius
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Phillip Johnson
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The Glass House (Johnson House), New Canaan, CN (1949)
who? |
Phillip Johnson
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Museum of Modern Art Garden Court, NYC (1953)
who? |
Phillip Johnson
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the style for the job”
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Eero Saarinen (1910-1961):
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Cranbrook Academy, Chicago Tribune competition
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Eliel Saarinen:
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explored new materials, technology and forms
(corporate modernism) |
Eero Saarinen
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Projects at Columbus, Indiana
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Eero Saarinen
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- Miesian approach
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General Motors Technical Center, Warren, MI (1948-56)
Eero Saarinen |
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- Developed gasketed curtain wall technology
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General Motors Technical Center, Warren, MI (1948-56)
Eero Saarinen |
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Kresge Auditorium & MIT Chapel, MIT campus (1954-55)
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Eero Saarinen
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TWA Terminal, JFK Airport, NYC (1956-62)
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Eero Saarinen
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Dulles Airport, Reston, VA (1958-62)
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Eero Saarinen
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Morse and Stiles Colleges, Yale campus (1958-62)
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Eero Saarinen
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- First glass skin high-rise building
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Lever House, NYC (1952)
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) |
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- Becomes model for urban commercial architecture world-wide
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Lever House, NYC (1952)
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) |
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- Commercial office park concept
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Connecticut General Life Insurance Company, Hartford, CN (1957)
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) |
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- Complex of highly flexible simple buildings in a park-like setting
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Connecticut General Life Insurance Company, Hartford, CN (1957)
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) |
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Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs (1959-)
who? |
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM)
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- External bracing expressed: building as a tube w/ internal core
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John Hancock Building, Chicago
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) |
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- Bundled tube concept
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Sears Tower, Chicago
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) |
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- Efficiency, functionalism and expression of technology (progress)
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The Hijacking of Modernism by Corporate America
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) |
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- The reflective glass skin = banality
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The Hijacking of Modernism by Corporate America
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) |
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- Late projects less ‘decorative’, forms geometric, curved & circle/spiral
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) FLW (1867-1959)
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- Projects exhibited in 1932 MOMA modern architecture exhibit
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) FLW (1867-1959)
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- Created Taliesin Fellowship (1932): apprenticeship education
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) FLW (1867-1959)
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- Relocated to Taliesin East at Spring Green, Wisconsin
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) FLW (1867-1959)
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- Late 19th/early 20th c.: Prairie Style, Larkin Bldg., Imperial Hotel
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) FLW (1867-1959)
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Textile-Block Houses”, Southern California (1920s)
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) FLW (1867-1959)
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- Decorative concrete block with integral reinforcing
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“Textile-Block Houses”, Southern California (1920s)
FLW |
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- Mayan (pre-Columbian Meso-American) in massing & details
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“Textile-Block Houses”, Southern California (1920s)
FLW |
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Broadacre City (1930s):
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FLW (1867-1959)
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utopian American rural/suburban community
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Broadacre City (
FLW |
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- Detached SF Housing on one acre lots w/ small urban center
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Broadacre City (
FLW |
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- Romantic allusion to rural agrarian American towns (no industry)
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Broadacre City (
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- Anticipated car-oriented suburban development
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Broadacre City
FLW |
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Usonian Houses
who? |
FLW
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middle-class American family house
by FLW |
Usonian Houses
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- Compact design, kitchen at center, no servant quarters, open plan
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Usonian Houses
FLW |
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- Pope-Leighey House (1940): relocated to Woodlawn Plantation 1965
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Usonian Houses
FLW |
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- Unadorned decks cantilever from rock out over waterfall
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Fallingwater, Bear Run, PA (1935-37): fifty miles south of Pittsburgh
FLW |
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- Smooth stucco juxtaposed against on-site quarried natural stone
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Fallingwater, Bear Run, PA (1935-37): fifty miles south of Pittsburgh
FLW |
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Johnson Wax Administration Building, Racine, WI (1936-39)
Who? |
FLW
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- Curved forms w/ glass tubing for light & “mushroom” columns
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Johnson Wax Administration Building, Racine, WI (1936-39)
FLW |
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- Organic tree form w/ core, cantilever floors & root-like foundation
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Johnson Wax Research Tower (1946-49)
FLW |
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Johnson Wax Research Tower (1946-49)
who? |
FLW
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V.C. Morris Store, San Francisco (1949)
who? |
FLW
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- Round arch like Sullivan & Richardson w/ spiral ramp interior
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V.C. Morris Store, San Francisco (1949)
FLW |
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Guggenheim Museum, NYC (1957-59)
who? |
FLW
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- Anti-urban form rejects city context
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Guggenheim Museum, NYC (1957-59)
FLW |
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- Spiral ramp powerful form & space but not functional for art
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Guggenheim Museum, NYC (1957-59)
FLW |
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“folded hands” roof
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First Unitarian Church, Madison, WI (1950):
FLW |
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only tall building: FLW
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Price Tower, Bartlesville, OK (1953-56):
FLW |
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First Unitarian Church, Madison, WI (1950)
who? |
FLW
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winter home of Fellowship
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Taliesin West, near Scottsdale, AZ
FLW |
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- Started as desert camp 1927 = stone “ruins” w/ seasonal canvas roofs
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Taliesin West, near Scottsdale, AZ
FLW |
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Taliesin West, near Scottsdale, AZ
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FLW
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Florida Southern College, Lakeland, FL
who? |
FLW
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- Child of the Sun, uses textile-block w/ glass set in joints
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Florida Southern College, Lakeland, FL
FLW |
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- Emigrated from Baltic Russia to Philadelphia (1905)
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Louis I. Kahn (1901-74)
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- Beaux-Arts type education at U. Penn.
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Louis I. Kahn (1901-74)
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- Traveled in Europe: influenced by Corbusier & classical Rome
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Louis I. Kahn (1901-74)
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- Taught at the U. of Penn. in Philadelphia: poetic expression of ideas
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Louis I. Kahn (1901-74)
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- “Servant & served spaces” – architecture derived from concept
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Louis I. Kahn (1901-74)
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- Monumentality even in everyday commonplace circumstances
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Louis I. Kahn (1901-74)
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- Fused modern functionality & technology w/ classical ordering
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Louis I. Kahn (1901-74)
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- Structure defines space and natural light illuminates form
(person) |
Louis I. Kahn (1901-74)
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- Integration of mechanical & structure as a unified system
(person) |
Louis I. Kahn (1901-74)
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- Influenced by “sublime” designs of 18th c. Boullee & Ledoux
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Louis I. Kahn (1901-74)
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Louis I. Kahn (1901-74)
style? |
Modern Neo-Classicism
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Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CN (1950-54)
who? |
Louis I. Kahn (1901-74)
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- Structural tetrahedron module of ceiling w/ cylindrical stair
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Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CN (1950-54)
Kahn |
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- Influenced by Mies but not transparent or expressing ext. structure
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Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CN (1950-54)
Loius I. Kahn |
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Richards Medical Research Building, U. Penn. (1951-61)
who? |
Louis I. Kahn
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- Flexible research floors (served) w/ exterior service (servant) towers
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Richards Medical Research Building, U. Penn. (1951-61)
Loius I. Kahn |
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- Functional with picturesque massing
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Richards Medical Research Building, U. Penn. (1951-61)
Loius I. Kahn |
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Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX(1966-72)
who? |
Louis I. Kahn
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- Very influential in promoting articulated exterior circulation
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Richards Medical Research Building, U. Penn. (1951-61)
Loius I. Kahn |
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- Not barrel-vaulted: dbl. “butterfly” cantilevered canopies w/ skylight
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Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (1966-72)
Loius I. Kahn |
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- Simple composition w/ spatial flexibility inside
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Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (1966-72)
Loius I. Kahn |
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- Indirect glowing light environment w/ rich but limited material pallet
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Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (1966-72)
Loius I. Kahn |
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- Interior volume scaled to campus – exterior scaled to Colonial context
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Exeter Academy Library, Andover, N.H. (1967-72)
Loius I. Kahn |
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- Influenced by local mills (?) & Roman building tradition
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Exeter Academy Library, Andover, N.H. (1967-72)
Loius I. Kahn |
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- Concept: find a book and take it to the light
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Exeter Academy Library, Andover, N.H. (1967-72)
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Exeter Academy Library, Andover, N.H. (1967-72)
who? |
Louis I. Kahn
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National Assembly Building, Dacca, Bangladesh (1962-74)
who? |
Louis I. Kahn
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- “I asked the brick what it wanted to be… it said I want to be an arch”
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National Assembly Building, Dacca, Bangladesh (1962-74)
Loius I. Kahn |
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- Fusion of classical masonry concepts & local technology & traditions
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National Assembly Building, Dacca, Bangladesh (1962-74)
Loius I. Kahn |
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Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA (1959-65)
who? |
Louis I. Kahn
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- Building as metaphor: pure research = fountainhead of knowledge
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Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA (1959-65)
Loius I. Kahn |
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- Constructional process used to scale the concrete surfaces
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Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA (1959-65)
Loius I. Kahn |
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- Manipulation of harsh beach light through detail
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Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA (1959-65)
Loius I. Kahn |
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- Entire service floors between laboratory floors
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Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA (1959-65)
Loius I. Kahn |
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“White Houses”, Atheneum
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Richard Meier:
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- Museum for Decorative Arts, Frankfort (1980-83)
who? |
Richard Meier:
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- High Museum, Atlanta (1981-84)
who? |
Richard Meier:
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- Getty Museum, Malibu (1984-79)
who? |
Richard Meier:
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- John Hancock Bldg. (Boston)
who? |
I.M. Pei (Pei, Cobb, Freid):
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- East Wing of National Gallery (Wash. DC)
who? |
I.M. Pei (Pei, Cobb, Freid):
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- Christian Science Center, Boston
who? |
I.M. Pei (Pei, Cobb, Freid):
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- Louvre Pyramid (Paris)
who? |
I.M. Pei (Pei, Cobb, Freid):
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- National Holacaust Memorial (Wash. DC)
who? |
I.M. Pei (Pei, Cobb, Freid):
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Fuller: Dymaxion Hse., Geodesic Dome
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The Expression of Technology
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Piano & Rogers: Pompidou Center, Paris (1976)
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The Expression of Technology
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Dymaxion Hse., Geodesic Dome
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Buckminister Fuller:
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Pompidou Center, Paris (1976)
who? |
Piano & Rogers:
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Hong Kong Bank (1986)
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Norman Foster:
The Expression of Technology |
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Lloyds of London
who? what? |
Richard Rogers:
The Expression of Technology |
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United Airlines Terminal, Chicago
who? what? |
Helmut Jahn:
The Expression of Technology |
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Plantetarium, A.M.N.H., NYC
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James Stewart Polshek:
The Expression of Technology |
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what do
- Bruce Goff, Oklahoma - Fay Jones, Arkansas: Thorne Crown Chapel - William Morgan, Florida all have in common? |
They are regional designers
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Thorne Crown Chapel
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Fay Jones,
Arkansas |
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Metaphor Man)
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Michael Graves:
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Historical allusion, ambiguity & color
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Michael Graves:
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- Professor doing neo-Corbusian back porch additions in Princeton
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Michael Graves
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Shifted to use of Classical allusions (symbols
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Michael Graves
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Abandoned Modernist “white” palette for bright color
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Michael Graves
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- Fargo-Moorhead Cultural Center Bridge (1977) unbuilt
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Michael Graves
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post modernist who made PPSBbuilding
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Michael Graves
style? |
POST-MODERNISM
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Portland Public Services Building, Portland, Oregon (1979-82)
who? |
Michael Graves
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- First major Post-Modern structure
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Portland Public Services Building, Portland, Oregon (1979-82)
Michael Graves |
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- Classical allusions & anthropomorphic form
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Humana Medical Corp. HQ Building, Louisville, Kentucky (1982)
Michael Graves |
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Humana Medical Corp. HQ Building, Louisville, Kentucky (1982)
who? |
Michael Graves
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Swan & Dolphin Hotels, Disneyworld, FL (1987)
who? |
Michael Graves
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Historical allusions w/ large doses of whimsy
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Charles Moore
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Genius loci: sense of place…”presence of the absence” = homogeneity
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Charles Moore
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- Often used less-permanent materials; plywood, stucco, etc.
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Charles Moore
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- Humor in architecture
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Charles Moore
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Contemporary interpretation of vernacular (Calif. mineshaft arch.)
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Sea Ranch development, northern Calif. coast (1963-65) by MLTW and Charles Moore
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First ecologically based development
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Sea Ranch development, northern Calif. coast (1963-65) by MLTW and Charles Moore
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- Huge impact on young architects & environmentalism
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Sea Ranch development, northern Calif. coast (1963-65) by MLTW and Charles Moore
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- Classical allusion w/ neon capitals & whimsical fountains
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Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans (1975-79) Charles Moore w/ Perez & Associates
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- Monumental gateway and tongue-in-cheek Greek temple
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Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans (1975-79) Charles Moore w/ Perez & Associates
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Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans
who? |
Charles Moore with Perez & Associates
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Kresge College Dormitory, U. of Santa Cruz, Calif.
who? |
Charles Moore
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- Created “village” sense w/ “streets”
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Kresge College Dormitory, U. of Santa Cruz, Calif.
Charles Moore |
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- “Civic structures” included monumental phone booths and laundry
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Kresge College Dormitory, U. of Santa Cruz, Calif.
Charles Moore |
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- Post-Modern = “contextualism, allusionism & ornamentalism”
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Robert A.M. Stern (1939-)
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- Classicism:“the fulcrum about which architectural discourse balances”
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Robert A.M. Stern (1939-)
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Italian Architect: vernacular & Classical allusion
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Aldo Rossi
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- Modena Cemetary, Italy (1978-83)
who? |
Aldo Rossi
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- Housing Block, Gallaratese District, Milan (1969-73)`
who? |
Aldo Rossi
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- Office Buildings, Celebration, Disneyworld
who? |
Aldo Rossi vernacular and classical allusion
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Spanish architects
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Ricardo Bofill and the Taller de Architectura
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- The Red Wall, Sitges, Spain (1970s)
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vernacular reference
Ricardo Bofill and the Taller de Architectura |
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Housing projects near Paris (1970s-80s)
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Classical reference
Ricardo Bofill and the Taller de Architectura |
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- Literary Post-Structuralist text deconstruction to find meanings in text not like architecture - locating the inherent dilemmas within buildings
What? Who? |
MOMA Exhibit: Deconstructivist Architecture
Philip Johnson |
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not like architecture - locating the inherent dilemmas within buildings
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MOMA Exhibit: Deconstructivist Architecture
Philip Johnson |
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MOMA Exhibit: Deconstructivist Architecture
(person) |
Philip Johnson
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“discomfort is vital to experiencing”
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Peter Eisenman
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“architectural inquiries into the basic grammar and syntax of space”
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- The numbered house designs (1960s-70s)
Peter Eisenman |
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- Wexner Center for the Visual Arts, Columbus, Ohio (1989)
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Peter Eisenman
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expression of “danger” in design
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Zaha Hadid
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- First woman to be awarded the Pritzker Prize (Nobel of Architecture)
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Zaha Hadid
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- Fire Station,Vitra Complex, Wel-am-Rhein, Germany (1993)
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Zaha Hadid
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“form follows fantasy”
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Bernard Tschumi
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- fragmentation & dissociation rather than traditional unity & synthesis
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Bernard Tschumi
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- Parc-de-la-Villette, Paris (1982-85) use of folie or “follies” explores
the disjunctures in culture |
Bernard Tschumi
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“cheapness, destruction, distortion, illusion, layering, surrealism…”
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Frank O. Gehry
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use of utilitarian materials such as chain-
link fence, un-finished plywood , corrugated metal, asphalt, etc. |
“cheapskate architecture”
Frank O. Gehry |
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Architecture as Sculpture
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Frank O. Gehry
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“I am confused as to what’s ugly and what’s pretty”
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Frank O. Gehry
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- 1987 Suzanne Prugh (age 11): “earthquake damage?”
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Frank Gehry House, Santa Monica, California (1978)
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- “the confused, unresolved nature of modern life”
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Frank Gehry House, Santa Monica, California (1978)
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“village of forms”
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California Aerospace Museum, Los Angeles
Frank Gehry |
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California Aerospace Museum, Los Angeles
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Frank O. Gehry
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Winton Guest House, Wayzata, Minnesota (1983-86)
who? |
Frank O. Gehry
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- “a certain amount of humor and mystery and fantasy”
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Winton Guest House, Wayzata, Minnesota (1983-86)
Frank Gehry |
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Vitra Chair Museum, Weil-am-Rhein, Germany
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Frank o. Gehry
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“frozen motion”
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Vitra Chair Museum, Weil-am-Rhein, Germany (1989)
Frank Gehry |
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Nationale Nederlander Building, Prague (1997) “Fred & Ginger”
who? |
Frank O. Gehry
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Research Facility, MIT Campus, Cambridge, MA (2006)
who? |
Frank O. Gehry
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- Quilted skin of titanium “fish scales” reflects light & the city
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Gugenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain (1997)
Frank Gehry |
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- Contextualism of public space not form or materials
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Gugenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain (1997)
Frank Gehry |
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- Sea Ranch, N. California (1963-65) MLTW (Charles Moore)
What style/ movement is this? |
Environmentalism and Energy Conservation (Green Architecture)
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- 1973 oil embargo and the energy conservation movement
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Environmentalism and Energy Conservation (Green Architecture)
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- Re-emergence of ideals in Green Architecture & Sustainability
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Environmentalism and Energy Conservation (Green Architecture)
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Glen Murcott: Australia Outback contextualism and energy
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Environmentalism and Energy Conservation (Green Architecture)
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Antoine Predock: the American Southwest
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Critical Regionalism (term by Kenneth Frampton Modern Architecture)
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Mario Botta: the Ticino district of Switzerland
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Critical Regionalism (term by Kenneth Frampton Modern Architecture)
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Architectonica: South Florida
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Critical Regionalism (term by Kenneth Frampton Modern Architecture)
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Japanese architecture: fusion of modern and traditional culture
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Critical Regionalism (term by Kenneth Frampton Modern Architecture)
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France: Violette-le-Duc
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Historic Preservation
19th Century: |
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England: Ruskin and the “scrape vs. anti-scrape” debate
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Historic Preservation
19th Century: |
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U.S.A.: Ann P. Cunningham @ Mt. Vernon, Nat. Parks
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Historic Preservation
19th Century: |
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NTHP (1949), Hist. Districts: New Orleans, Charleston
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Historic Preservation
20th Century: |
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Preservation:
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U.S. Capitol, Chaco Canyon
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Reconstruction:
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Colonial Williamsburg
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Restoration:
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Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris
Pope-Leighy House, Woodlawn Plantation, Virginia |
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Rehabilitation
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Ghiradelli Square & the Cannery
Station Square, Pittsburgh |
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Compatible Design:New Market, Philadelphia
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Station Square, Pittsburgh
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Urban Redevelopment
using historic fabric: Quincy Market, Boston |
copely suare & Boston Public Library
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“Historic preservation with plumbing that works”
style? |
New Urbanism or Neo-Traditional Planning and Design
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Adapting successful historic urban model
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New Urbanism or Neo-Traditional Planning and Design
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Mixed use development, diversity, interconnected circulation
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New Urbanism or Neo-Traditional Planning and Design
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Seaside, Florida panhandle coast (1981) Duany & Plater-Zyberk
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New Urbanism or Neo-Traditional Planning and Design
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Mashpee Commons, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Duany consultant
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New Urbanism or Neo-Traditional Planning and Design
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Town of Tioga, near Gainesville, Florida
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New Urbanism or Neo-Traditional Planning and Design
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- Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture -book by Robert venture (1966)
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Cultural, Social & technical Context of Post-Modernism
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Environmentalism & contextualism & vernacular architecture
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Cultural, Social & technical Context of Post-Modernism
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Ambiguity about the value and role of technology in society
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Cultural, Social & technical Context of Post-Modernism
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Moralizing & uncompromising Modernism out of sync w/ society
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Cultural, Social & technical Context of Post-Modernism
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Evolution of the uncertainty principle in science during the 20th C.
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Philosophy of Post-Modernism
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Hermeneutic view vs. semiotic view: author vs. text symbols
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Philosophy of Post-Modernism
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Uncertainty and relativism
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Philosophy of Post-Modernism
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Charles Jenks: The Language of Post-Modern Architecture (1977)
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Philosophy of Post-Modernism
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Double-coding: buildings w/ layered meanings to elite & commoners
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Philosophy of Post-Modernism
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“Messy vitality over obvious unity”
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Robert Venturi (1925-) Venturi, Rauch & Denise Scott Brown
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Learning from Las Vegas: Symbolism similar to Baroque churches
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Robert Venturi (1925-) Venturi, Rauch & Denise Scott Brown
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“Less is a bore” (from Mies van der Rohe’s ‘less is more”)
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Robert Venturi (1925-) Venturi, Rauch & Denise Scott Brown
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Celebration of the ugly and ordinary
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Robert Venturi (1925-) Venturi, Rauch & Denise Scott Brown
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Architectural metaphor: “the ugly duck and the decorated shed”
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Robert Venturi (1925-) Venturi, Rauch & Denise Scott Brown
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Glorification of Mannerist and Baroque architecture
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Robert Venturi (1925-) Venturi, Rauch & Denise Scott Brown
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Quaker housing for the elderly
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Guild House, Philadelphia (1960-63)
Robert Venturi |
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Common elements exaggerated & used in unconventional ways
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Guild House, Philadelphia (1960-63) Quaker housing for the elderly
Robert Venturi |
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The detachment and articulation of the “wall”
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Guild House, Philadelphia (1960-63) Quaker housing for the elderly
Robert Venturi |
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Historical allusion on exterior: broken pediment, arch, gable front
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Vanna Venturi House, Chestnut Hill, near Philadelphia (1962)
Robert Venturi |
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Interior flexible space and forms
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Vanna Venturi House, Chestnut Hill, near Philadelphia (1962)
Robert Venturi |
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Very small-scale institutional building in a rural setting
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Fire Station No. 4, Columbus, Indiana (1967)
Robert Venturi |
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“Billboard concept: create civic scale by “standing up to the road”
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Fire Station No. 4, Columbus, Indiana (1967)
Robert Venturi |
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NPS: “reconstruct” Franklin house & print shop as a museum
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Franklin Court, Philadelphia (1973-76) Ben Franklin house museum
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Concept: “ghost frames” with underground museum
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Franklin Court, Philadelphia (1973-76) Ben Franklin house museum
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AT&T [Sony] Building, NYC (1984) Johnson & Burgee Architects
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Philip Johnson: International Style to Post-Modernism
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First Post-Modern high-rise building (like giant Chippendale furniture)
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Philip Johnson: International Style to Post-Modernism
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Historical allusions in building form: broken pediment, classical forms
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Philip Johnson: International Style to Post-Modernism
AT&T [Sony] Building, NYC |
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