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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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BTE
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- "behind the ear"
- less expensive - requires no special modification - about 25% of HA market - most powerful in terms of gain and output - compatible with ALDs - longer battery life |
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ITE
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- "in the ear"
- 3 varieties: full shell, low profile, half shell - less susceptible to wind noise |
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ITC
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- "in the canal"
- about 20% of HA market - smallest style of aid with directional microphone - appropriate for moderate HL |
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CIC
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- "completely in canal"
- about 15% of market - smallest HA available - lower gain/output - no directional mic - require more frequent repair |
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features of HA
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- on/off switch
- telecoil - volume control - control of frequency-specific gain - compression - directional microphone technology |
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on/off switch
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M: mic on
T: telecoil on O: aid off |
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telecoil
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- circuit designed to allow telephone usage through electromagnetic energy
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control of frequency-specific gain
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- adjustments made according to patient's ability to hear various frequencies
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compression
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- aka automatic gain control (AGC)
- assures that loud sounds are not uncomfortably loud for user - consists of two circuits: one before amplifier (input) to prevent overload, and one after (output) to prevent discomfort |
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basic components
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- sound waves (acoustic energy) enter through mic
- mic converts sound waves into electric signal - amplifier increases strength of signal - receiver converts signal back into acoustic energy - sound waves enter ear canal |
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CROS/BICROS
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- (Bilateral) Contralateral Routing of Signal
- used for patient with HL in one ear - uses hardwire or FM signal |
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traditional BC devices
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- vibrating device held against mastoid bone by metal headband or eyeglass aid
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BAHA
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- bone anchored hearing aid
- surgically implanted - used for conductive and mixed HL - ideal for those with congenital atresia or middle ear dysfunction over 5 years old - over 9k people worldwide |
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MEI
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- middle ear implant
- used for conductive or SN HL - can use piezoelectric transduction (crystal bends and activates ossicular chain) - or electromagnetic transduction (implanted magnet converts electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy) |
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CI
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- cochlear implant
- bypasses middle ear and electrically stimulates neurons of CN VIII |
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earmold
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- couples HA to ear via tube
- provides support to BTE and directs and modifies amplified sound |
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steps to selection and fitting of HA
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- selecting HA candidate
- preselection measurements - HA selection - verification - postfitting counseling, orientation and outcome measures |
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selecting HA candidate
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- degree of HL
- degree of communication disability - motivation to use HA |
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preselection measurements
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- pure tone thresholds
- loudness discomfort level (LDL) - speech-in-noise testing |
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HIOBASICS
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- Hearing expectations
- Instrument operation - Occlusion effect - Batteries - Acoustic feedback - System troubleshooting - Insertion and removal - Cleaning and maintenance - Service, warranty, and repairs |
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cause of weak or no sound
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- battery polarity reversed
- low or dead battery - volume low or off - clogged wax guard |
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cause of whistling
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- improper seating in ear
- volume too high - clogged wax guard |
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cause of distortion
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- low battery
- battery compartment open |
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cause of buzzing sound
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- low battery
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acclimatization
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- takes several weeks or months for brain to adjust to new acoustic input
- maximum performance may not occur until acclimatization is complete |
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types of ALDs
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- hardwire
- induction loop - infrared - FM systems |
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hardwire ALD
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- uses wire to route mic to a direct audio input (DAI) of HA or receiver box
- inexpensive and portable - reduced sound quality |
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induction loop amplification (ILA) system
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- wiring is looped around perimeter of room, converts signal into electromagnetic energy and received through telecoil
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infrared system
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- mic converts acoustic signal into electrical energy
- transmitter converts electric energy into light energy - receiver converts back to electric, then back to acoustic - inexpensive, wireless - won't work in direct sunlight |
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frequency modulation (FM) system
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- portable, wireless, easy to operate, and good sound quality
- radio and telephone interference possible - has least negative effects - most common in schools |
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Ling 6 Sounds Test
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/m/ /a/ /u/ /a/ /sh/ /s/
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how CIs work
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- external speech processor converts acoustic energy into digital signal
- internal implant converts signal into electric energy and sends it to cochlea - electrodes bypass damaged hair cells and stimulate CN VIII |
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CI team
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- ENT
- audiologist - SLP - psychologist - teachers - social workers - parents |
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Deaf community and CI
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- state that parents have the right to choose, but should be given all options
- don't think it is beneficial for prelingually deaf children |
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ABI
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- auditory brainstem implant
- for those lacking functional CN VIII nerves |
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tinnitus evaluation
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- uses team approach with ENT and audiologist
- beings with evaluation to find frequency, intensity and loudness discomfort levels - impact on life determined through questionnaires |
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treatment for tinnitus
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- no universal cure
- HAs most common and effective tool - noise generators make sound less intrusive - avoid silence and develop rich auditory environment - psychological techniques |
