Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
208 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The earth approximates the shape of an oblate spheroid, but for practical navigation purposes, the earth can be treated as a ________. |
Sphere |
|
|
The earth rotates on its axis and the two points where this axis meets the earth's surface are called the physical ________ pole and the physical ________ pole. They are also referred to as ________ and ________. |
north, south, true north, true south |
|
|
A circle on the earth's surface, whose centre is the centre of the earth, is called a ________. |
great circle |
|
|
The plane of a great circle on the earth ________ through the centre of the earth. |
passes |
|
|
The centre of a great circle drawn in the earth's surface ________ the centre of the earth. |
is |
|
|
The shortest distance around the surface of the earth between two points is the ________ of a great circle joining those points. |
smaller arc |
|
|
The equator ________ a great circle. |
is |
|
|
List two examples of great circles. |
meridians, the equator |
|
|
Any 'straight' line drawn on the earth's surface between the true poles (e.g. meridians of longitude) will run in a true ________ direction. |
north-south |
|
|
The plane of a small circle drawn on the surface of the earth ________ through the centre of the earth. |
does not pass |
|
|
A parallel of latitude joins all points of the same latitude and is a ________ circle (except for the equator). |
small circle |
|
|
Position on the surface of the earth is usually specified by reference to a graticule in terms of ________ and ________. |
latitude and longitude |
|
|
Parallels of latitude ________ parallel to the equator and to each other. |
run |
|
|
The reference plane from which we measure latitude is the plane of the ________, from which we measure angular distance in degrees north or south. |
equator |
|
|
The circumference of a parallel of latitude becomes smaller the closer the particular parallel is to the ________. |
pole |
|
|
The basic reference for longitude is the ________ meridian that passes through Greenwich. |
prime |
|
|
Great circles on the earth's surface, passing through the north and south geographic poles, are known as meridians of ________. |
longitude |
|
|
Meridians of longitude all pass through the north and south geographic poles and are ________ circles. |
great |
|
|
Longitude is angular position ________ or ________ of the prime meridian. |
east or west |
|
|
The datum we use to measure direction from is the N - S ________ running through the position. |
meridian |
|
|
The standard for measuring direction is to start at north and proceed in a clockwise direction for ________ degrees until you are back at north again. |
360 |
|
|
The direction 090 degrees clockwise from north is called ________. |
east |
|
|
The direction 180 degrees clockwise from north is called ________. |
south |
|
|
The direction 270 degrees clockwise from north is called ________. |
west |
|
|
Express the following headings as three-figure group headings: W = ________, SE = ________, and 10 degrees east of north = ________. |
270°, 135°, 010° |
|
|
The angular difference between the true north and magnetic north is called ________. |
variation |
|
|
If you are steering 280°M and the variation is 4° west, what will be your true heading? |
276°T |
|
|
A line joining places of equal variation is called an ________. In New Zealand the average value of variation is approximately ________° ________. |
isogonal; 20° east |
|
|
Deviation is the angular difference between ________ direction and ________ direction. |
magnetic, compass |
|
|
If Nelson bears 292°T from Wellington, what is the true bearing of Wellington from Nelson? |
112°T |
|
|
The true bearing to Napier from Taupo is 145°. Assuming the average variation of 20°E, what is the magnetic bearing to Napier from Taupo? |
125°M |
|
|
A Relative Bearing of an object is the angular difference from the ________ of the aircraft ________ to the object. |
nose, clockwise |
|
|
Speed measured relative to the airmass through which an aircraft is known as ________, whereas speed measured relative to the ground is known as ________. |
airspeed, groundspeed |
|
|
When an aircraft flies at 100 kts directly into a steady headwind of 20 kts, its Indicated Airspeed will be ________ kts and its Groundspeed ________ kts. |
100 kt, 80 kt |
|
|
Assuming a constant IAS, the TAS will ________ as we climb to altitude. |
increase |
|
|
Assuming a constant IAS, the TAS will ________ with a rise in temperature. |
increase |
|
|
The term 'velocity' implies both ________ and ________. |
speed and direction |
|
|
The heading/true airspeed vector is symbolized by a ________ headed arrow. |
single headed arrow |
|
|
The movement of an airmass relative to the ground is called ________. |
the wind |
|
|
The wind direction, by convention, is the direction ________ which the wind blows. |
from |
|
|
The actual path of an aircraft over the ground is called its ________. |
track made good (TMG) |
|
|
The speed of an aircraft relative to the ground is called its ________. |
groundspeed |
|
|
The direction in which an aircraft points is called its ________. |
heading |
|
|
The angle between the direction an aircraft is pointing (i.e. its heading) and the direction in which it is travelling over the ground (i.e. its track made good) is called the ________ angle. |
drift |
|
|
Sometimes the actual drift experienced in flight differs from that expected and the aircraft makes good a track which is different to that planned. The difference between the planned track and the TMG is called the ________. |
track error |
|
|
Drift is the angle between ________ and ________, whereas track error is the angle between ________ and ________. |
HDG and TR, TR and TMG |
|
|
The wind velocity calculation has shown that you will experience a headwind component of 18 kt. Is this expressed as a + or - wind component? |
minus (-) |
|
|
Your TAS will be 150 kt and the wind component has been computed to be +12 kt. Your groundspeed will be ________ kt. |
162 kt |
|
|
List four reasons why vertical navigation (precise altitude awareness) is of vital importance to the pilot. |
terrain clearance, aircraft separation, weather avoidance, aircraft performance |
|
|
Altitude means vertical distance above ________ and is shown correctly on an altimeter when the prevailing ________ has been set on the subscale. |
mean sea level, QNH |
|
|
Height means vertical distance above a specified ________, it is shown correctly on an altimeter when the appropriate ________ has been set on the subscale. |
datum, QFE |
|
|
To read pressure altitude, what setting will you need on the subscale of your altimeter? |
1013.2 hPa |
|
|
In the lower levels of the Standard Atmosphere (ISA), the pressure decreases approximately 1 hPa for each ________ increase in altitude. |
30 ft |
|
|
If you maintain a constant altitude indication and do not change the subscale setting on the altimeter when flying from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure, the altimeter will ________. |
over-read |
|
|
List two vitally important reasons why you should set QNH. |
terrain clearance, aircraft seperation |
|
|
The crusing level for a VFR flight on a ________ track of 249° is ________ feet plus 500. |
magnetic, even |
|
|
For flight along the coast below 10,000 ft on a magnetic track of 318°, available cruising levels are ________, ________, ________ and ________. |
3,500, 5,500, 7,500, 9,500 |
|
|
Express the following dates and times as six-figure date/time groups:
|
(a) 291015 (b) 191517 (c) 011700 |
|
|
Express the following dates and times as eight-figure date/time groups:
|
(a) 11291015 (b) 07191517 (c) 04011700 |
|
|
The term 'Local Mean Time' uses the local ________ of ________ as the earth reference point. |
meridian of longitude |
|
|
NZ Standard Time (NZST) uses the ________ of ________ as the reference for the entire country. |
180° meridian of longitude |
|
|
UTC is ________ hours ________ NZST. |
12, behind |
|
|
You advise ATC that you plan to take off at 3.14 pm on the 21st January. How is this expressed in UTC? |
0214 UTC (January = NZDT!) |
|
|
Sunlight ________ the same as daylight. |
is not |
|
|
Civil Evening Twilight ________ the same as end of daylight. |
is not |
|
|
High ground to the west of an airport will cause the ________ onset of darkness. |
earlier |
|
|
Cloud cover will cause the ________ onset of darkness. |
earlier |
|
|
Smog will cause the ________ onset of darkness. |
earlier |
|
|
Sunrise and sunset times vary with the ________ and the ________. |
latitude and date |
|
|
For adjustment of NZST into NZDT, clocks are ________ by ________ hour(s). |
advanced, 1 hour |
|
|
CPL: The international date line is found on or near the ________° ________. On crossing the date line travelling west, you enter the ________ day. |
180° meridian; go into the next day |
|
|
CPL: If it is 1000 hours local mean time at Greenwich, what is the local mean time at 120°E? |
1800 |
|
|
CPL: If it is 4:15 pm local mean time at 21°30'W, what is the local mean time at 45°45'E? |
8.44 pm |
|
|
CPL: If it is 2055 local time at 32°18'E, what is the NZDT? |
1346 NZDT |
|
|
CPL: If it is 1850 local time at 160°30'W on the 20th June, what is the date and standard time in NZ. |
1732 21 June |
|
|
CPL: In wintertime in NZ, the length of the day is ________, and the duration of twilight is ________ in Auckland than in Christchurch. |
longer, shorter |
|
|
CPL: The sun rises in Napier (176°52'E) at 1850 UTC. What time will it rise that day in Wanganui (175°01'E)? |
1857 UTC |
|
|
CPL: What is the earliest take-off time (NZDT) for a day VFR flight on 28th February if the daylight table in the AIPNZ Vol 4 indicates:
|
0648 NZDT |
|
|
List the two basic chart projections. |
conic and cylindrical |
|
|
List three methods of representing scale on a chart. |
representative fraction; graduated scale line; words (e.g. 1cm = 5 nm) |
|
|
List the three main aeronautical charts considered essential for visual air navigation. |
Visual Planning Chart 1:1,000,000 Visual Navigation Chart 1:500,000 Visual Navigation Chart Enlargement 1:125,000 Visual Terminal Chart En route Chart |
|
|
Aeronautical charts 1:1,000,00 are used primarily for ________ of flights, they ________ contain a limited amount of aeronautical information. |
planning, do |
|
|
Elevations shown on aeronautical charts are in feet above ________. |
sea level |
|
|
The two types of controlled airspace shown on VPCs and VNCs are ________ and ________. |
Control Zones and Control Areas |
|
|
"Visual aerodrome" means an aerodrome which has no ________. |
Published instrument approach |
|
|
Is the airspace a Control Zone or a Control Area? Why?
C 4500/SFC TM NR 123.9 |
Control Zone; because the lower limit is at the surface |
|
|
The upper limit of the airspace is at 4500 ft ________.
C 4500/SFC TM NR 123.9 |
AMSL |
|
|
The airspace ________ transponder mandatory.
C 4500/SFC TM NR 123.9 |
Is |
|
|
Does the 1:1,000,000 chart have a larger or smaller scale than the 1:250,000? |
smaller |
|
|
What is the meaning of the blue dotted circle around Taupo aerodrome? |
Mandatory Broadcast Zone (MBZ) |
|
|
The variation on a Visual Navigation Chart ________ change annually. |
does |
|
|
What is the significance of a little circle, with a cross inside of it, on an aerodrome plate? |
aerodrome reference point, its lat/long |
|
|
How are unlighted wind direction indicators (wind socks) indicated on aerodrome charts? |
by elongated black triangles |
|
|
CPL: On a Mercator chart, scale ________ constant, rhumb lines are ________ lines and great circles are ________ lines ________ to the nearer pole. |
is not, straight, curved, convex |
|
|
CPL: The Mercator projection is ________ whereas the Lambert projection is ________. |
cylindrical, conical |
|
|
CPL: On a Lambert chart, the meridians are ________ lines radiating from the nearer pole while parallels of latitude are ________ lines ________ to the nearer pole. |
straight, curved, concave |
|
|
CPL: For aeronautical purposes, the ________ is the preferred chart. |
Lambert |
|
|
CPL: The measurement between A and B on a 1:250,000 chart is 7cm. What is the earth distance in nm that this measurement represents? |
9.6 nm |
|
|
CPL: How many inches on a 1:500,000 chart represent 20 nm? |
3 inches |
|
|
CPL: What is the chart scale when 16.4 cm of chart length represents 18 nm? |
1:200,000 |
|
|
E6B: Determine TAS given a CAS of 130 kt, OAT +17°C and P Alt 4000 ft. |
141 kt |
|
|
E6B: Determine TAS given a CAS of 198 kt, OAT -5°C and P Alt 7500 ft. |
220 kt |
|
|
E6B: Multiply 68.3 x 128.2. |
8800 (precise 8756) |
|
|
E6B: Multiply 124.5 x 39.8. |
4950 (precise 4955) |
|
|
E6B: Divide 648.9 by 48.9. |
14 |
|
|
E6B: Divide 1237.5 by 165.0. |
7.5 |
|
|
E6B: Your altimeter is set on the correct QNH of 1003 hPa, the instrument reads 5,700 ft and the Outside Air Temperature gauge reads +15°C. What is the True Altitude and how is altitude defined? |
5,948 ft, T Alt is the True height AMSL |
|
|
E6B: You have used 12.5 US gallons of fuel in 38 minutes. Assuming a constant fuel consumption rate, how many US gallons will you in the next 14 minutes? |
4.6 US gal |
|
|
E6B: You have travelled 168 nm in 1 hr 05 mins. Assuming your groundspeed is constant, how many nm will you travel in the next 22 minutes. |
57 nm (rounded off) |
|
|
E6B: You note you have travelled 178 nm in 1 hr and 22 mins. What is the groundspeed? |
130 kt (rounded off) |
|
|
E6B: Your groundspeed has been 248 kt. How many nm will you travel in the next 42 minutes assuming the groundspeed remains constant? |
174 nm (rounded off) |
|
|
E6B: Your groundspeed has been 139 kt. How many minutes will it take to cover 118 nm assuming the groundspeed remains constant? |
51 minutes |
|
|
E6B: The fuel consumption rate for your aircraft is 64 litres/hour. How many litres will you use in 2 hours 30 minutes? |
160 litres |
|
|
E6B: Convert 112 statute miles to nautical miles and kilometres. |
97 nm (rounded off), 180 km (rounded off) |
|
|
E6B: Convert 723 metres to feet. |
2370 ft (2371.4 ft electronically) |
|
|
E6B: Convert 980 feet to metres. |
299 metres (298.7 m electronically) |
|
|
E6B: Convert 732 pounds to kilograms. |
333 kg (332.7 m electronically) |
|
|
E6B: Convert 89 kilograms to pounds. |
196 lb (195.8 electronically) |
|
|
E6B: Convert 24 Imp gallons to US gallons litres. |
28.8 US gal; 109 litres |
|
|
E6B: The fuel pump shows you have taken on board 138 litres of fuel from empty.
|
(i) 36.4 US gal (ii) 219 lb 99.5 kg |
|
|
E6B: Convert 118 Imp gallons to pounds and kilograms (sg 0.72). |
849 lb; 386 kg |
|
|
E6B: Given: Track required 089°T, TAS 180 kt, W/V 040°T/20 kt. Determine HDG°T and GS. |
HDG 084°T; GS 166 kt |
|
|
E6B: Given: Track required 230°T, TAS 145 kt, W/V obtained from an ATS unit 250°M/35 kt, Variation 20°E. Determine HDG°T and GS. |
HDG 239°T; GS 116 kt |
|
|
E6B: Given: Runway 07/25, W/V 105°M/25 kt. Determine crosswind and headwind components.
|
Crosswind component 14 kt, headwind component 20 kt |
|
|
When map reading under normal conditions in flight, the recommended technique is to read from the chart to the ground. When should this technique be reversed? |
During unsure of position/lost procedure |
|
|
While allowing for 10° right (starboard) drift and holding a steady heading, the aircraft deviates from the required track to the right. One possibility is that the wind from your ________ is ________ than forecast. |
From the left stronger. |
|
|
What does the mnemonic "SADIE" stand for? |
Suction, Amps, DI, Icing, Engine |
|
|
When you mark a DR position on your chart you should identify that with a ________. |
Square with dot in the centre |
|
|
Name three occasions in flight when a Safety Check should be carried out. |
Shortly after departure; at check/turning points each 10 - 15 minutes |
|
|
When flying over a large featureless area, one of the most important aspects is to fly a steady ________ with reference to the ________. |
Heading, synchronised DI |
|
|
List two important actions you should take after take-off once you have logged your set heading time. |
Calculate ETAs; transmit departure report |
|
|
E6B: Calculate the climb time (to the nearest whole minute) if you wish to climb from take-off at an aerodrome of elevation 1500 ft to 7500 ft at a rate of climb of 650 ft/min. |
9 minutes |
|
|
E6B: Calculate the climb time (to the nearest whole minute) if you wish to climb from 1200 ft AMSL to an altitude of 8500 ft and complete the climb in 12 minutes. |
610 ft/min |
|
|
E6B: Given: TAS 138 kt, 13 kt average headwind component, climb from altitude 2000 ft to 7500 ft at 500 ft/min. Determine:
|
11 mins; 23 nm |
|
|
E6B: Given: TAS 142 kt,18 kt average tailwind component, climb from altitude 1500 ft to 9500 ft in 9 minutes. Determine:
|
890 ft/min; 24 nm |
|
|
Use mental calculations only: You have travelled 45 nm in 18 minutes. What is the GS? |
150 kt |
|
|
Use mental calculations only: Your GS is 100 kt. How much time will it take to travel 20 nm? |
12 minutes |
|
|
E6B: You commence your flight from overhead A at the required cruising altitude to fly to B, a total distance of 150 nm. Your time overhead A is 0110 UTC. At 0123 UTC you pinpoint yourself on track overhead X, and find the distance between A and X is 30 nm.
|
138 kt; 0215 UTC |
|
|
What happens to the TOD position relative to the bottom of descent if, instead of descending at a low power setting, you descend at a higher power setting while maintaining a given airspeed. |
The TOD is further away from the bottom of descent. airspeed; landmarks |
|
|
E6B: You wish to descend from an altitude of 5500 ft to an altitude of 1500 ft in 9 minutes. What will be the rate of descent? |
444 ft/min |
|
|
E6B: You wish to descend from an altitude of 8500 ft to an altitude of 1000 ft at a rate of descent of 550 ft/min. What will be the descent time to the nearest whole minute? |
14 minutes |
|
|
E6B: You are instructed by ATC to commence your descent from 9500 ft at a reporting point 19 nm from an aerodrome at 1500 ft elevation. You must arrive overhead at 1500 AGL. You intend to maintain an IAS of 130 kt and you may use a temperature of +4°C at 6000ft to determine the descent TAS. You are advised that you will experience an average tailwind component of 18 kt. What rate of descent should you select for this descent? |
928 ft/min (TAS 143 kt, GS 161 kt, 19 nm @ 161 = 7 mins, height loss 6500 ft for 7 minutes = ROD 928 ft/min) |
|
|
E6B: You are cruising at 8500 ft. While planning your approach to your destination airport which is at an elevation of 1000 ft, you decide on a rate of descent of 600 ft/min and an IAS/CAS of 115 kt. You use the 5500 ft temperature of +11°C as your descent temperature and you anticipate an average headwind component of 23 kt.
|
0123 UTC (TAS 127 kt, GS 104 kt, height loss 6000 ft @ 600 ft/min = 10 mins. 0133 UTC - 10 = 0123 UTC. Distance 17 nm (104 kt for 10 mins) |
|
|
When you wish to obtain a fix using position lines from features off tracks, you should use at least ________ position lines that cross as close as ________° to one another. |
Two, 90° |
|
|
State the terms used to describe the angular difference between the following:
|
(i) Flight planned drift (ii) actual drift (iii) track error |
|
|
E6B: Your required track is 080°T, Variation is 20°E, Deviation is nil. During flight planning you calculate your heading required to be 065°M. When in flight you realise that your TMG is 070°T. What has been your:
|
(i) 5° left (port) (ii) 15° left (port) (iii) 10° left (port) |
|
|
When using the 1-in-60 rule you may assume that the heading change equals the track change provided the ________ is/are each less than ________°. |
TE and CA are less than 15° each. |
|
|
E6B: You are 4 nm off track to the left after travelling 48nm. What is the TE? |
5° left |
|
|
E6B: You are 5 nm left of track to the right and wish to regain track 33nm further on. What is the CA? |
9° |
|
|
When measuring distance gone and distance to go for 1-in-60 rule calculations, the distance is taken along the ________. |
Along the FPT |
|
|
E6B: You have travelled 44 nm and you find yourself 3 nm left of track, and you wish to regain the required after a further 35 nm. The TE is ________°, the CA is ________° and the CA would be ________ if you intercept the required track in 20 nm. |
1 |
|
|
E6B: You have travelled 68 nm and pinpoint yourself 6.5 nm right of track. If you wish to regain track after 20 nm, the TR is ________°, the CA is ________° and the TC is ________° to the ________. The 1-in-60 ________ be used under these circumstances because ________. |
1 |
|
|
E6B: You are on track at 0315 UTC, heading 080°M. At 0325 UTC you note you are 3 nm left of track after travelling 20 nm. What should be your HDG°M if you wish to regain track at 0335 UTC? |
1 |
|
|
E6B: Your FPT is 318°M. While heading 320°M, you note you are 2 nm left of track after travelling 15 nm. You wish to regain track after another 30 nm. What is your:
|
1 |
|
|
List five features that serve as excellent checkpoints for en-route visual navigation purposes in New Zealand. |
Distinctive coastal features, major rivers/outlets, major towns, railways/highways, major power lines, major industrial plants, isolated mountains |
|
|
E6B: At 0110 UTC you are flying at your cruising level over A en-route to B, a distance of 128 nm. Using a GS of 140 kt you have calculated that the ETA B is 0205 UTC. At 0118 UTC you turn 60° right to avoid cloud ahead, and hold the new heading until 0122 UTC. You then turn 60° left and parallel track until 0128 UTC when you decide to intercept the flight planned track at a 60° angle. You regain the flight planned track at 0132 UTC. Assuming nil wind conditions:
|
86 nm to go, ETA B 0209 UTC |
|
|
You fly a heading of 340°M while maintaining a track of 330°M. Due to unsuitable weather ahead you decide to return to base along the same track. What is your required heading? |
Drift = 10° left, new HDG = 140°M |
|
|
For visual navigation over mountainous terrain, what potential problems are involved with: |
(a) difficult to identify (b) could be the wrong mountain top (c) wind may fluctuate, drift may vary (d) turbulence, precipitation, mistake cloud ahead for mountain top (e) could be the wrong valley (f) high nose attitude and low speed |
|
|
E6B: You leave A to fly to B on a track of 260°T heading 255°T. At a certain point you note that you are 1 nm right of track. After a further 43 nm you note you are 3 nm right of track. The remaining distance is 97 nm. What is your new heading for B? |
TE 3° right, CA 2°, 250°T |
|
|
E6B: CPL: You leave A at 0100 UTC to fly to B on a track of 080°T, you have calculated your groundspeed at 111 kt, your heading is 075°T. At 0120 UTC A bears 109°R. What is your distance off track at 0120 UTC (to the nearest whole nm)? |
TE 5° right, 3 nm right of track |
|
|
E6B: CPL: The track between A and B is 320°T. Your flight planned heading is 293°M, Variation is 22°E, Deviation nil. While en-route you establish that A bears 176°R and B bears 008°R. What is your new heading °M to make good B? |
TE 9° left, CA 3°, TC 12° right, new HDG 305°M |
|
|
When flight planning you must asses the high ground along and either side of track in order to decide on cruise altitudes. Generally, the longer the track, the ________ to the side of track you should assess. |
further |
|
|
Tracks drawn on Visual Planning and Visual Navigation charts are in degrees ________ and in New Zealand you should allow for ________ variation by ________ the chart values to obtain degree ________. |
true, east variation, deducting to obtain degrees magnetic |
|
|
To ensure distances are measured correctly with your ruler, check by placing the ruler along the nearest ________ to read off the ________. |
meridian, latitude divisions |
|
|
The temperature for your cruising altitudes can be calculated by noting the ________ level from the ________ obtained from the MetService or Airways NZ and then allow ________°/1000 ft. |
freezing level, 2° |
|
|
The wind velocities listed by the MetService are in degrees ________ and in ________. |
true, knots |
|
|
The wind velocities prepared by ATC are in degrees ________ and in ________. |
magnetic, knots |
|
|
List two main precautions to be observed in safeguarding life jackets. |
keep away from fluids, e.g. fuel, and sharp objects; do not borrow but if you have no choice, ask for permission and return life jackets their proper place |
|
|
The equi-time point is a point along track from where it takes as much ________ to return to departure aerodrome as it will to destination. |
time |
|
|
In nil-wind conditions, the ETP will be at the track's ________ but in a prevailing wind (outbound from departure aerodrome) the ETP will move towards the departure aerodrome in a ________ and towards the destination aerodrome in a ________ wind. |
mid point, tailwind, headwind |
|
|
The track between A and B is 818 nm long. The aircraft's TAS is 245 kt and the wind component outbound from A is -35 kt. Find the
|
(i) 467 nm (ii) 2 hr 14 min (iii) 1 hr 41 min |
|
|
The wind component between A and ETP os +25 kt and the wind component from ETP to B is -35 kt. The track between A and B is 758 nm, the TAS is 190 kt. Find the
|
(i) 390 nm (ii) 368 nm (iii) 1 hr 49 min (iv) 2 hr 22 min |
|
|
The point of no return is a point along track beyond which there is insufficient ________ to fly to ________ aerodrome and arrive ________ sufficient fuel reserves. |
fuel, departure, with |
|
|
Convert the following times in hours and minutes to decimal time: |
0.65, 1.40, 5.95 |
|
|
Convert the following decimal times to time in hours and minutes: |
33 mins, 3 hr 12 min, 6 hr 51 min |
|
|
Flight fuel means the fuel carried ________ fuel reserves. |
less |
|
|
What is the safe endurance if the total fuel load carried is 300 litres, unusable fuel is 14 litres, reserve fuel is 45 minutes at a holding fuel flow of 38 l/hr. Cruise fuel flow is 43 l/hr. |
6 hours |
|
|
Determine the location of the PNR for an aircraft with a fuel load of 665 lb, unusable fuel is 13 lb and reserve fuel is 1 hour at a holding fuel flow of 95 lb/hr/ The cruise fuel flow is 105 lb/hr, the TAS will be 175 kt and the wind component outbound is -45 kt. |
433 nm from A |
|
|
Find the location of the PNR and the time to fly to PNR from departure aerodrome for an aircraft with has a TAS of 205 kt, total fuel carried is 88 Imp gals and flight fuel is 69 Imp gals. Fuel flow for holding is 16 Imp gal/he and cruise fuel flow is 20 Imp gal/hr. The wind component is +25 kt outbound from departure aerodrome. |
348 nm from departure a/d, 1 hr 31 min |
|
|
When the ADF is tuned to an NDB, the needle on a fixed card installation shows the bearing to that beacon in degrees ______. |
Relative |
|
|
A magnetic bearing is the magnetic direction of a ______ line drawn between ______ places on a chart. |
Straight, two |
|
|
A relative bearing of a point from an aircraft is the ______ distance from the ______ of the aircraft measured ______ from the ______ of the aircraft. |
Angular, heading, clockwise, nose |
|
|
A relative bearing on a fixed card ADF display is expressed as °E, and ______ always be expressed directly as a °T, °M or °C bearing. |
Cannot |
|
|
The rated coverage of most NDBs in New Zealand is generally restricted to ______ nm. |
200 nm |
|
|
When the ANT (or REC) switch on the control panel of an ADF is selected, the ADF needle ______ automatically point to the NDB. |
Cannot |
|
|
Where are Station identifications, frequencies and morse code idents for NDB's published? |
VNC, Aerodrome Charts, ENR 4.1-1 |
|
|
When you wish to orientate yourself relative to an NDB, ______ your heading ______ the °R, the answer is the magnetic track ______ the NDB. |
Add, to, to |
|
|
When homing to an NDB allowing for 10° port (left) drift, you can confirm maintaining track when the Hdg°M is steady and the ADF needle indicates ______. If the needle starts to move in an anti-clockwise direction, you are ______ allowing for drift. |
350°R, over |
|
|
When tracking away from an NDB on a steady Hdg°M allowing for 5° starboard (right) drift, the ADF needle should remain on ______. If the needle starts to move in an anti-clockwise direction, you are ______ allowing for drift. |
185°R, over |
|
|
You have used the reading of the DGI (assume nil deviation) and the relative bearing from the ADF to calculate a bearing to the NDB. You ______ draw this bearing directly on the visual navigation chart because ______. |
Cannot, because chart is °T and the bearing is °M |
|
|
A VOR ground station operates in the ______ frequency band. |
VHF |
|
|
A VOR radial is a ______ bearing ______ a VOR station. |
Magnetic, from |
|
|
What procedure must you follow after you have tuned in the VOR and before you may use it operationally? |
Positively identify the station |
|
|
When you fly low level in hilly terrain where VOR reception is marginal, the CDI will ______ and the TO/FROM window will show ______. |
Swing left/right, fluctuate TO FROM OFF |
|
|
When you are uncertain of your postion you turn on the VOR, you select the appropriate frequency, you ______ the VOR station, you turn the ______ knob until the ______ moves to the ______ position and the window shows ______. |
identify, OBS, CDI, centre, FROM |
|
|
You are flying inbound on the required radial to a VOR station with TO in the window. If the drift correction is 6° port (left), you can expect the CDI to show ______. |
Centre position |
|
|
When you fly outbound from a VOR station on a certain radial, the window should show ______ and if the CDI moves off-centre to the right, you should carry out a ______ turn to return to the radial. |
FROM, right |
|
|
If you fly towards a VOR station with FROM in the window and the CDI shows a left deflection, you should turn ______ to regain the radial. |
Right |
|
|
While tracking out from a VOR station on R170, your heading is 175°M, OBS is set to 170, the window shows FROM, and the CDI shows left 2 dots (the circle + 1 dot). What radial are you on at this time? |
Radial 174 |
|
|
While tracking in to a VOR station on R240, your heading is 058°C, deviation is 2°E, OBS is set to 060, the window shows TO, and the CDI deviation shows right 3 dots (the circle + 2 dots). What radial are you on at this time? |
Radial 246 |
|
|
Shortly before overheading the VOR station, the CDI will ______, when overhead the window will ______, and when you have passed the overhead, the window will show ______ and the CDI will be ______ if you are on the required radial. |
Start to swing left/right, fluctuate OFF TO FROM, FROM, centred |
|
|
The fundamental purpose of DME in an aircraft is to determine the ______ of the aircraft from the ground station. |
Distance |
|
|
What is the principle of operation of a DME transponder? |
Measuring the difference between the time an aircraft sends a signal to the ground transponder, and the time when it receives a reply from the ground station transponder |
|
|
The range of reception of DME signals is affected by ______, it can be improved by flying ______. |
Altitude, higher |
|
|
Mode error can occur when the GPS equipment has ______ function keys. |
Multi |
|
|
When a RAIM warming is displayed it indicates that the minimum level of navigation accuracy ______ provided by the GPS equipment. |
Is not |
|
|
When planning to use a portable GPS unit which cannot be connected to the electrical supply of the aircraft, the pilot should have available a ______. |
Spare battery |
|
|
When a pilot asks for radar assistance when experiencing navigation difficulties, ______ is responsible for navigation and ______ is responsible for the maintenance of safe altitudes. |
The pilot, the pilot |
