Apush Vocabs Unit 4 Test

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1818 Adams- Onis Treaty

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- US got all Florida - US-Spanish boundary to Pacific - US paid $5 million in Spanish debts to Americans
- Defines boundary between US and Spanish lands 1816 border clashes between Seminoles and Georgians Sec. of War Calhoun will send Andrew Jackson and 2,000 men to calm things down Told to go after offending Natives – Do not attack anything Spanish

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Monroe Doctrine

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- US opposed European expansion to the Western Hemisphere - US would not interfere in European affairs.
Benefitted from the fact that britain had colonies in the carribeans and would enforce this doc.

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American System

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Henry Clay's "vision" of America to do well economically: 3 parts 1) protective tariff (for the trade of north and south 2) national bank 3) subsides for canals, roads and transportation

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Erie Canal

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The canal was the first transportation system between the eastern seaboard (New York City) and the western interior (Great Lakes) of the United States that did not require portage.

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Missouri Compromise of 1820

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passed in 1820 b/w the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30′ north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. The 1820 passage of Missouri Compromise took place during the presidency of James Monroe.

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Transportation Revolution

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A transportation revolution was underway thanks to heavy infusions of capital from London, Paris, Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. Hundreds of local short haul lines were being consolidated to form a railroad system, that could handle long-distance shipment of farm and industrial products, as well as passengers.[5] In the South, there were few systems, and most railroad lines were short haul project designed to move cotton to the nearest river or ocean port.[6] Meanwhile, steamboats provided a good transportation system on the inland rivers.

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Elections of 1824 and 1828

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a) In 1824, voters were crying that the people must be heard and down with King Caucus. This new and more democratic method of nominating presidential candidates was the have a national nominating convention. A caucus are the leaders of a small political org
b) Anti-Masonic party was basically against elite groups such as the Masons (a private organization). They were also opposed to Jackson, who was a Mason. The Anti-Masonic party did not hold much bearing while they existed.

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Elections of 1824 and 1828 part 2

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Before his election as president, Jackson had been involved with the issue of Indian removal for over ten years. The removal of the Native Americans to the west of the Mississippi River had been a major part of his political agenda in both the 1824 and 1828 presidential elections.

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Spoils system

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a) the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power;
b) system that Andrew Jackson set up not long after his election into the presidency in 1828; it had already developed a strong hold in the industrial states such as New York and Pennsylvania; it gave the public offices to the political supporters of him

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bank war

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-political struggle that developed over the issue of rechartering the Second Bank of the United States (BUS) during the Andrew Jackson administration (1829–1837)
-Anti-BUS Jacksonian Democrats were mobilized in opposition to the national bank’s re-authorization on the grounds that the institution conferred economic privileges on financial elites, violating republican principles of social equality.

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Nullification crisis

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states that any law passed by the federal government can be declared null and void by the states When: 1828; the South was extremely upset about the extremely high Tariff of Abominations.The South Carolina Exposition" written by John C. Calhoun denounced

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Indian Removal Act of 1830

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-This legislation passed by Congress in 1830 provided funds for removing and resettling eastern Indians in the West. It granted the president the authority to use force if necessary.
- Many tribes will move peacefully Other will be removed by force (Cherokee Nation) took the State of Georgia to court

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Worcester v. GA (georgia)

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- Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee “Unquestionable Right” to their land “Trail of Tears” Approx. 4,000 out of 15,000 will perish along the way
- sig'f - denied states right to jurisdiction over indian lands

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Trail of Tears

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The Trail of Tears was the forcible relocation and movement of Native Americans to Indian Territory

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Panic of 1837

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-Profits, prices and wages went down while unemployment went up. - Speculative lending practices in western states, a sharp decline in cotton prices, a collapsing land bubble, international specie flows, and restrictive lending policies in Great Britain were all to blame
- lasted for 7 years, caused by strictness of specie payments

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Specie Circular

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- National Bank requiring smaller banks to have gold and silver to back up the paper money. Many banks loaned too much to the ppl, this sudden change caused many to go bankrupt and the panic of 1837

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Second two party system

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The major parties were the Democratic Party, led by Andrew Jackson, and the Whig Party, assembled by Henry Clay from the National Republicans and other opponents of Jackson. Minor parties included the Anti-Masonic Party, which was an important innovator from 1827 to 1834; the abolitionist Liberty Party in 1840; and the anti-slavery Free Soil Party in 1848 and 1852. The Second Party System reflected and shaped the political, social, economic and cultural currents of the Jacksonian Era
- rapidly rising voter interest
- rallies, partisan newspapers, and a high degree of personal loyalty to party

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Whig Party

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- formed mostly from the hatred of Jackson, had diversity of people's "nationalistic-ness"
-inability to take a position on slavery. diff of opinions
- believes in activist gov't (like old feds) (national bank/ govt involved in economy
- tends to be more north (social reform movements; public school, prison reform)
- south: stronger in backcountry

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Log Cabin and Hard Cider election

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National Perty- Daniel Webster, Hugh White, and William Henry HArrison
- The Election of 1840 in which Harrison seemed to be a "log and cabin, hard cider" kind of guy
- Whigs: general henry harrison and VP John Tyler
- larger turnout due to dissatisfaction over depression and colorful campaigning
- harrison dies in office, tyler was the "his accidency"
tyler: rejects whig program
stands behind pro- slavery and states' rights agenda

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Lowell Mill girls

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- from the early factory system (mostly textile)
employed women and children

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Second Great Awakening

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- fostered religious revivals but also activism to improve the morals and lives of antebellum americans

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Charles G. FInney

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- he and lyman beecher were evangelists
evangelists: a person who seeks to convert others to the Christian faith, esp. by public preaching.

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Transcendentalism

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- philosophical/ intellectual response to industrialization and urbanization- oppossed to competition, materialism and focus on efficiency
- stressed liberation of human reason, a return to instincst and intuition, and a recognition of our place in nature

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Burned Over District

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The burned-over district refers to the western and central regions of New York in the early 19th century, where religious revivals and the formation of new religious movements of the Second Great Awakening took place

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cult of domesticity

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This value system emphasized new ideas of femininity, the woman's role within the home and the dynamics of work and family. "True women" were supposed to possess four cardinal virtues: piety, purity, domesticity, and submissiveness.

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Dorothea Dix

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Made Prison Reforms/ Mental hospitals- helped convince legislatures in almost every state to build mental institutions for mentally ill- fought to treat prisoners more humanely- shifted focus of prisons to rehabilitation

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Horace Mann and public education

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- the "father of american public schooling" - feared the republic would not survive with a growing # of uneducated citizens (in part response to growing cities and new immigrants)

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Utopian communities

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religious
1) shakers (NY)- communal property, celibacy
2) oneida ( JOhn Humphrey Noyes, NY)- gender equality; complex marriage
B) Secular- 1) new harmoney (robert owen)- socialeist; no currency; self- sufficient
2) brook farm- transcendentalism
figures: ralph waldo emerson (self- reliance)
henry david thoreu ( walden, civil disobedince)
margaret fuller (women in the 19th c)

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Temperance movement

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1) American temperance society (1826) blamed many social ills (unreliable workers, crime, abuse) on drinking
2) encourages pledges of abstinences and petitioned states to prohibit the use of alcohol- maine became the first state to prohibit sale and manufacture of liquor in 1851

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Declaration of Sentiments (1848)

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- it patterned on DOI, only listing the injuries and usurpations of men at the seneca falls convention

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Seneca Falls Convention

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organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony) Declaration of Sentiments

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Justifications for slavery

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- slaves undergo much harsher conditions freed than when they are slaves (slaves are guaranteed a home and food)
- slaves enjoy serving their masters
- slavery is written in the bible thus it is justifiable
- slaves are accustomed to the work, and is only "hard work" to non- slaves

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Abolition movement

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- colonization: to establish a colony in Liberia (west Africa) for free blacks + former slaves
- Gabriel's Rebellion: escaped with slaves and killed whites
- denmark vassey rebellion- slave carpenter who bought his own freedom, recruited slaves for armed attack on city
- **Nat Turner's Rebellion- "chosen by god to free his ppl" - organized slaves to move from farm to farm and killing all whites they encounter
Resistances of slaves: Trickery, rebellion, escape, religion

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American Colonization Society

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The American Colonization Society (ACS; in full, "The Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America"), established in 1817 by Robert Finley of New Jersey, was the primary vehicle to support the return of free African Americans to what was considered greater freedom in Africa.
- liberia

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Frederick Douglas

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- Anti- slavery lecturerer
- founded the "north star" newspaper
- . After escaping from slavery, he became a leader of the abolitionist movement, gaining note for his dazzling oratory[4] and incisive antislavery writing. He stood as a living counter-example to slaveholders' arguments that slaves did not have the intellectual capacity to function as independent American citizens.

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Grimke Sisters

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Sarah Moore Grimké (1792–1873) and Angelina Emily Grimké (1805–1879), known as the Grimké sisters, were 19th-century Southern American Quakers, educators and writers who were early advocates of abolitionism and women's rights.
- Among the first American women to act publicly in social reform movements, they received abuse and ridicule for their abolitionist activity.

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William Lloyd Garrison

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- promoted "immediate emancipation of slaves"
- edited "the liberator" (newspaper of anti- slavery)
- Garrison became a prominent voice for the woman suffrage movement.

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Manifest Destiny

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fueled the expansion across the continent and its politcal consequences

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Texas annexation

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- in 1845, texas was annexed as a slave state
- border dispute with mexico had led to war

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54’40 or Fight!

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- Britain + US argued their share of Oregon and the border line
- Secretary of State, Johm Calhoun wrote to B, minister that Texas is used to protect slavery

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Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

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is the peace treaty signed in Guadalupe Hidalgo between the U.S. and Mexico that ended the Mexican–American War (1846–48). With the defeat of its army and the fall of the capital, Mexico entered into negotiations to end the war.

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Wilmot Proviso

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-ON Aug 1846, david wilmot proposed amendment - into a bill, in which "neither slavery nor involunatry slavery shall take place"