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115 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Who was the designer and planner of America' capitol city?
Pierre L'Enfant
Which of the following statements accurately represents the religious concept of Deism:
- Created the world and then withdrew from it
When the states wrote their constitutions, they gave more power to which branch of government.
-Legislative
Which of the following was a reason for the writing of the Articles of Confederation?
-States right
What did Daniel Shays do?
- He led debtor farmers to refuse to pay creditors and to close the local courts.
What was the most important issue on the minds of the men who met at the Annapolis Conference?
- Regulation of interstate and foreign commerce
The Federalist Papers were written in support of what important document?
-constitution
What was the most far-reaching effect of the Land Ordiance of 1785
It set aside one section of each township for public schools.
What was on of the reason people opposed the ratification of the constitution
-A strong Judiciary
-Losing individual rights
-A strong Executive
-They did not oppose a stronger Legislature because that would put more power into the hands of the people
After the Revolution, the Anglican Church in America became known as what?
- Episcopal Church
One significant aspect of the Northwest Ordinance was that it considered all new states to be __________________ to those of the 13 colonies.
equal
Noah Webster was influential in standardizing what aspect of the American life?
-spelling
The Land Ordinance of 1785 dealt primarily with the surveying and division of lands in what area of the
country?
- Northwest Territory
The intention of the meeting at Philadelphia in 1787 was:
- revise the Articles of Confederation
Name one of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation:
This included the government's inability to:
- raise an army
- regulate interstate and foreign trade
- provide for a judicial system
The majority of the delegates to the Philadelphia Convention can be characterized as, white, male, upper class and belonging to which religion?
- Protestant
What three men contributed to the writing of the Federalist Papers?
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay
What is federalism?
Elite members of society have a higher standing in politics
What is a republican form of government?
FOR THE PEOPLE
What is meant by the separation of powers?
having seperate parties?
What significant principle was established in the Supreme Court Case, Marbury v. Madison?
-Judicial Review
In the Dartmouth v. Woodward, the Court upheld the principle of:
the sanctity of contracts
In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Marshall Court ruled that:
-supreme court has right of judicial review
What did John Marshall, summarizing the majority opinion in the McCulloch v. Maryland, say?
- The powers of the Executive
The principal means whereby the federal government raised revenue from the 1790s to the early 20th century was which of the following choices?
tarrifs
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolves was an example of:
- States' rights
What foreign policy issue did George Washington's Farewell Address deal with?
- entangling alliances
During the 1790s the Indians gave up claims to much of what part of the country?
-Northwest territory
What problems with the voting procedures surfaced during the election of 1800?
The Electoral College
Fearing that is would shift political power to the west, the Federalists opposed the purchase of what land?
- Louisiana Purchase
With what nation did the XYZ affair take place?
France
What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement?
- Demilitarizing the great lakes
Russian expansion on the west coast and European re-entrance into Latin America became the impetus for what doctrine?
The Monroe Doctorine
Author of Monroe Doctrine?
John Q. Adams
Because of the Rush-Bagot Agreement, the United States did not have to fortify which border?
Northern border
By signing the Adams -Onis Treaty, Spain recognized that if she were unwilling to sell this territory, the United States would simply take it. What was the territory?
- Florida
What does the "Shot heard Round the World" refer to?
firing b y the Minutemen on British soldiers at Concord Bridge
What were some of the provision of the Treaty of Paris in 1783?
- the Tories would be repaid for land lost
- the national boundaries would be the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi River
- England would recognize the United States of America as an independent nation.
Who was chosen as Commander-In-Chief of the Continental Army:
George Washington
The document written to inform to show that the American colonies were serious about their split with England was the:
Declaration of Independence
From whom did Thomas Jefferson borrow heavily from when writing the Declaration of Independence?
- John Locke
Which British General, defeated at Yorktown resulted in the end of the Revolutionary War?
Cornwallis
What was the turning point battle, which made France decide to sign the French-American Alliance?
Saratoga
What was the primary reason for France offering assistance to the Americans during the Revolutionary War?
- as a traditional enemy of England they wanted to see her humbled
The population at the beginning of the Revolution was divided almost equally between what groups?
Tories (Loyalists), Patriots, neutrals or undecided
Who attempted to bypass President George Washington on America's support for the 1778 Franco- American Alliance?
Citizen Genet
What was the result of the Treaty of Ghent
Status quo ante-bellum
With whom did the Embargo Act stopped trade
everyone
why were Americans upset when Spain transferred the Louisiana Territory to France in 1800?
The Mississippi River might be closed to American shipping
With whom did the Non-Intercourse Act stop trade?
Grate Britain and France
The Adams -Onis or Transcontinental Treaty was an agreement between the United States and what other
country?
Spain
When several officers of the Continental Army having long gone without pay met in New York to address Congress about their pay. Unfortunately, the American government had little money so they considered staging a coup and seizing control of the new gov. Give the name of the plot failed when Washington refused to support the plan.
- Newburgh Conspiracy
- They met in Newburg, New York
What is the name of the document, which established the present federal government of the United States and outlined its powers?
-constitution
We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union... is otherwise know as what?
The preamble
The minimum number of members of Congress who must be present in order to hold a session is known as what? In congress this number is more than half of the members.
Quorum
The practice of drawing the boundary lines of Congressional voting districts to give a particular political party an advantage when electing representatives is otherwise known as what?
Gerrymandering
Which branch of government enforces laws?
Executive branch
Which branch of government interprets laws?
Judiciary Branch
Which branch of government makes laws?
Legislative
Descrive the governmental concept of "checks and balances"
Each of the three branches of government "checks" the power of the other two, so no one
branch can become too powerful.
Describe the concept of Separation of power
- The powers of the government are divided between three branches.
As a major success of the Articles of Confederation this provided for the orderly surveying and distribution of land belonging to the U.S.
Land Ordinacnce of 1785
Another successful accomplishment under the Articles of Confederation, this set up the framework of a government for the Northwest Territory. The Ordinance provided that the Territory would be divided into 3 - 5 states, outlawed slavery in the Territory, and set 60,000 as the minimum population for statehood.
Northwest Ordinance
This event occurred in the winter of 1786-87 when poor indebted landowners in Massachusetts blocked access to courts and prevented the government from arresting or repossessing the property of those in debt. This was an example of how the federal government was too weak under the Articles of Confederation to help Boston remove the rebels.
- Shay's Rebellion
- Daniel Shay
- Daniel Shay
This was a precursor to the constitutional Convention of 1787, When a dozen commissioners from NY. N.J. Penn, Del, and Virg inia met to discuss reforms of interstate commerce, design a U.S. currency standard and to find a way to repay the federal gov. debts to War veterans. Not much was accomplished but they agree to meet a year later in Philadelphia.`
Annapolis convention
This person wrote some of the first dictionaries and spellers in the U.S. His books became the standard for the U.S. They also promoted American spellings and pronunciations, rather than British.
Noah Webster
Who was the president of the Constitutional Convention?
George Washington
When was the constitution finally completed?
September 17, 1787
Who is generally refered to as the Father of the Constitution?
James Madison
During the Constitutional Convention, which plan called for a two-house Congress with each state's representation based on state population?
Virgina Plan
During the constitutional Convention, which plan called for a one-house Congress in which each state would have equal representation.
The New Jersey Plan
The Great Compromise called for a two-house Congress in which both types of representation would be applied was also called what?
The connecticut Plan
In the Constitution the south's slave trade was guaranteed for at least 20 year after the ratification of the Constitution and slaves were considered to count as what fraction of a person when determining the state population.
3/5
These people opposed the ratification of the Constitution because it gave more power to the federal government and less to the states and because it did not ensure individual rights. Their leaders included Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams
- Anti-federalists
- They were instrumental in obtaining passage of the Bill of Rights as a prerequisite to
ratification
- They later become the Democratic-Republican party
Supporter of the Constitution were mostly wealthy and opposed anarchy and were known by what name? Their leaders included John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison.
Federalists
This was a collection of essays by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison explaining the importance of a strong central government. They were published to convince New York to ratify the Constitution. These became known by what name?
Federalists papers
This act created the federal court system and allowed the president to create federal courts and to appoint
judges.
- Judiciary Act of 1789
He was a leading Federalist who supported industry and strong central government. He created the National Bank and managed to pay off the U.S.'s early debts through tariffs and the excise tax on whiskey.
Alexander Hamilton
The clause in the Constitution that says, "Congress shall also have the power to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers is sometimes called what?
- elastic clause
- implied powers clause
- necessary and proper clause
What were Major L'Enfant and Benjamin Banneker the architects of?
Washington DC
In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise (tax on manufactured goods) tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. This incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's rebellion.
Whiskey Rebellion
In Washintons Farewell Address he warned the nation against what?
- entangling alliances
- political parties
This political party believed in a strong central government, a strong army, industry and loose interpretation of the Constitution. And were led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. They also supported Britain
Federalists
This political party believed in a weak central government, state and individual rights, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. Their leaders included Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. They felt that France was the U.S.'s most important ally.
Democratic-Republicans
Alien and Sedition Acts
These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and were signed by Pres. Adams in 1789. They included the
- Naturalization Act, which increased the waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years.
- Alien Act, which empowered the president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens.
- Alien Enemy Act, which allowed for the arrest and deportation of citizens of countries at war
with the U.S.
- Sedition Act, which made it illegal to publish defamatory statement about the Federal
government or its officials.
These were passed in response to the XYZ Affair and were aimed at French and Irish immigrants.
Ailien and Sedation Acts
Written in response the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that they state's considered unconstitutional. Anonymously written by Jefferson and Madison.
Virgina and Kentucky Resolutions
What was significant about the Election of 1800 between Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr and John Adams?
- It resulted in a tie between Jefferson and Burr. The final decision went to the House where
there was another tie. After a long series of ties in the House Jefferson was finally chosen as president. Burr became V.P. This led to the 12th amendment.
What was the 12th amendment?
President and Vice- Presient would run on one ticket
This was a series of religious revivals starting in 1801 and stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects and became known at what?
- The Second Great awakening
Who was Citizen Genet?
A French diplomat who came to the U.S. to ask the American gov. to send money and troops
to help the French Revolution. He began recruiting men and arming ships in U.S. Ports. Washington later grants Genet citizenship
Three French agents of Tallyrand told American delegates that they could only meet with Tallyrand if they paid a large bribe. The American's didn't pay the bribe, and later President Adams mad eth incident public. The scandal became known as what?
- XYZ Affair -used in place of the names of the three French agents
What did Jay's Treaty try to accomplish?
- it was signed in the hopes of settling the growing conflictsbetween the U.S.and Britain. It
dealt with the Northwest posts and trade on the Mississippi River. Most Americans felt that it did not do enough to punish Britain for their attacks on neutral American ships.
This treaty was between the U.S. and Spain and gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi River and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans.
Pickney's Treaty
This was the name given to several renegade countries on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa who demanded tribute in exchange for refraining from attacking ships in the Mediterranean.
Barbary pirates
This war between the U.S. and Great Britain was caused by American outrage over the impressments of American sailors by the British and the British seizure of American ships, and Britis h aid to Indians attacking the American on the western frontier.
War of 1812
Henry Clay's proposal after the War of 1812 included using federal money for internal improvements, enacting a protective tariff to foster the growth of American industries and strengthening the national bank was known as what?
American system
Why was the election of 1800 considered a revolution?
- Because the election of Jefferson changed the direction of the government form Federalist to
Democratic -Republican
Who was Albert Gallatin?
- He was a Swiss immigrant who was a financial genius and served as Sec. Of the Treasury
from 1801-1814 under Jefferson and Madison
- He advocated free trade
Who were the midnight judges?
- On his last day in office Adams appointed a large number of Federalist judges to the federal
courts in an effort to maintain Federalist control of the government.
- They were called midnight judges because Adams had stayed up until midnight signing the
appointments
This man led a slave rebellion, which took control of Ha iti. The rebellion led Napoleon to feel that New World colonies were more trouble than they were worth, and encouraged him to sell Louisiana to the U.S.
- Toussaint L'Overture
Who won the Hamilton-Burr duel?
- After Burr lost to Jefferson as a Republican, he switched to the Federalist Party and ran for
governor of N.Y. When he lost, he blamed Hamilton of making defamatory remarks that cost him the election. Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel, in which Hamilton was killed on July 11, 1804.
Why was Aaron Burr tried for treason?
After the duel, Burr fled NY and joined a group of mercenaries in the southern Louisiana
territory region. The U.S. arrested them as they moved towards Mexico. Burr claimed that they had intended to attack Mexico, but the U.S. believed that they were actually trying to get Mexican aid to start a secession movement in the territories. The Supreme Court eventually acquitted him.
What did the Lewis and Clark expedition do?.
They were commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region.
Beginning at St. Louis, up the Missouri River to the Great Divide, down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean.
What was the Essex Case?
It dealt with the impression of sailors
British seamen often deserted to join the American merchant marines. The British would board American vessels in order to retrieve the deserters, and often seized any sailor who could not prove that he was an American. This was known as what?
Impressment
The American ship Chesapeake refused to allow the British on the Leopard to board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. As a result of the incident, the U.S. expelled all British ships from its waters, until Britain issued an apology.
Cesapeake-Leopard Affair
This Act, issued by Jefferson, and nicknamed OGRABME, forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S., limiting trade with all nations. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels by depriving them of American Trade. Hi was difficult to enforce and hurt the national economy.
Embargo of 1807
This act replaced the Embargo Act of 1807 and only forbade trade with France and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or French policy towards neutral ships.
Non-Intercourse Act
He was a Shawnee chief who, along with his brother, Tenskwatawa, a religious leader known as the Prophet, worked to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes. An American army led by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811 defeated the league of Tribes.
Tecumseh
Western settlers who advocated war with Britain because they hoped to acquire Britain's northwest posts
War Hawks
Who witness the attack on Fort McHenry and wrote the poem "Star Spangled Banner"?
Francis Scott Key
What was the name of the Treaty ending the War of 1812?
Treaty of Ghent
December 24, 1914
Restored the status quo, for the most part captured territory was returned to the original owner Negotiated by John Q. Adams, Albert Gallatin, Henry Clay
This declared that Europe should not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere and that any attempt at interference by a European power would be seen as a threat to the U.S. This was known by what
name?
Monroe doctrine
The Era of Good Feelings was named for which President's two terms in office. This was a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion.
James Monroe