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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PLYMOUTH COLONY
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Who: Separatists who later became known was the Pilgrims.
What: One of the earliest colonies to be founded by the English in North America Where: First settlement was at New Plymouth; southeastern portion of Massachusetts. Historical Significance: One of the earliest colonies to be founded by the English in North America; citizens of Plymouth were fleeing religious persecution and searching to worship their God instead of being entrepreneurs |
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MAYFLOWER COMPACT 1620
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Who: The Pilgrims on the Mayflower.
What: A contract crafted by the Pilgrims in the Mayflower Compact for the Plymouth colony a civil government under the allegiance of the king. Where: On the Mayflower. Historical Significance: It made the Plymouth colony a civil government under the allegiance of the crown. |
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HEADRIGHT SYSTEM
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Who: The Virginia Company of London
What: A legal grant of land to the settlers. Where: Used in Jamestown, Virginia but also to the thirteen British colonies. Historical Significance: Increased the division between the wealthy land-owners and the working poor; caused many people to go to the colonies. |
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FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT 1639
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Who: A group of Massachusetts Puritan and Congregationalists dissatisfied with the Anglican reforms.
What: Orders describing the government setup by the Connecticut River towns, setting is structures and powers of the government. Where: Connecticut Colony Historical Significance: Considered to some as the first written Constitution of the Western traditions. |
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MERCANTILISM
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Who: European economists
What: An economic theory that holds the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital and that the “global volume” of international trade is “unchangeable”. Where: The belief mainly started in Europe and spread throughout the colonies. Historical Significance: The historical significance is first instances of significant government intervention and control over the economy. |
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TRIANGULAR TRADE
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Who: Europeans and other colonists.
What: A trade that was created to exchange slaves, sugar, and manufactured goods, to North America, Europe, and Africa. Where: Along the Atlantic Ocean. Historical Significance: Created a trade route for slaves to go through along the Atlantic to trade slaves to the colonies for labor in the plantations to grow sugar, |
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THE GREAT AWAKENING
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Who: Anglo-Americans
What: Several periods of raid and dramatic religious revival in Anglo-American religious history. Where: The United States Historical Significance: American religious revivalism that the Protestant Reformation inspired during that identified general religious trends within the distinctly U.S. religious culture. |
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IRON ACT 1750
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Who: British Parliament
What: Legislative measure seeking to restrict manufacturing activities in British and colonies and encourage manufacturing in Great Britain. Where: British colonies mainly in North America. Historical Significance: Hindered American iron industry. |
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INDENTURED SERVANTS
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Who: Laborers under the contract of the employer
What: A debt bondage worker Where: American South Historical Significance: Indentured servants help grow crops in the plantation to export. |
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GEORGE WASHINGTON
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Who: George Washington
What: First President of the United States; general. Where: Mount Vernon, Virginia. Historical Significance: First president, won against the fight with Britain. Father of our country. |
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PROCLAMATION OF 1763
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Who: King George III
What: Organize Great Britain’s new North American empire and to stabilize relations with Native North Americans through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases. Where: British colonies in America. Historical Significance: Ceased to be law in the United States following the Revolution but continued legal importance to First Nations in Canada. |
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SALUTARY NEGLECT
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Who: British
What: Undocumented British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws Where: American colonies Historical Significance: Allowed enforcement of trade relations laws to be lenient. |
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STAMP ACT 1765
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Who: British Parliament
What: A tax imposed on the colonies of British America that required printed materials to be stamped. Where: British America Historical Significance: The Stamp Act led to the cause of rebellions in the colonies; the idea of taxed only with their consent. |
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STAMP ACT CONGRESS
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Who: Delegates from 9 out of the 13 colonies.
What: Meeting that discussed and acted upon the Stamp Act. Where: New York City Historical Significance: Delegates came to the conclusion that Britain could not make laws for the colonies only the colonists could. |
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SONS OF LIBERTY
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Who: Also known as Loyalists.
What: A secret organization of American patriots which originated in the Thirteen colonies; seditious rebels; attacked symbols of British authority. Where: Thirteen Colonies. Historical Significance: The Sons of Liberty was an attempt to overthrow British rule in the colonies. |
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COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE
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Who: Local governments of the Thirteen colonies before American Revolution.
What: Bodies organized by the local governments of the Thirteen colonies before the American Revolution for the purposes of coordinating written communication. Where: Thirteen Colonies Historical Significance: Disseminated the colonial interpretation of British actions between the colonies and to foreign governments. |
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BOSTON MASSACRE
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Who: British troops and colonists
What: Incident that helped spark the rebellion in some of the British colonies in America. Where: Boston, Massachusetts Historical Significance: Attempt to go against British rule. |
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INTOLERABLE (COERCIVE) ACTS 1774
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Who: British Parliament
What: A series of laws passed by the British Parliament relating to Britain’s colonies in North America. Where: British America Historical Significance: These acts were in response to the colonists behavior in the Boston Tea Party that angered the colonists even more; violation of rights. |
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SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 1775
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Who: Delegates from all 13 colonies
What: Convention of the 13 delegates beginning on May 10, 1775. Where: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Historical Significance: Soon after the American Revolutionary War began to help prevent war. |
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NORTHWEST ORDINANCE
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Who: Congress of the Confederation
What: Act that allowed the creation of the Northwest Territory Where: Northwest America Historical Significance: Creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States south of the Great Lakes. |
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DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
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Who: 13 delegates
What: Statement adopted by the Continental Congress which announced that the 13 colonies were at war with Britain and were now independent states. Where: U.S . colonies Historical Significance: Foundation of the American nation. |
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COMMON SENSE
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Who: Thomas Paine
What: Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine during the American revolution Where: America Historical Significance: Gave colonists a powerful argument for Independence. |
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SHAYS REBELLION
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Who: Daniel Shays and Western farmers.
What: An armed uprising in Central and Western Massachusetts where many farmers rebelled against the government. Where: Eastern United States Historical Significance: The rebellion caused fear among the people; led to the creation of the Declaration of Independence. |
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IMPLIED POWERS(ELASTIC CLAUSE)
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Who: Hamilton
What: Powers exercised by Congress which are not explicitly given by the Constitution itself. Where: The United States Historical Significance: Powers exercised by Congress which are not explicitly given by the Constitution itself. |
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GREAT COMPROMISE
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Who: People in the Philadelphia Convention.
What: Agreement between large and small states that defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have; propose bicameral legislature. Where: America Historical Significance: Revised the government of the United States. |
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Jamestown
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first permanent English settlement in what is now the United States of America, following several earlier failed attempts, including the Lost Colony of Roanoke; founded by the London Company.
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John Smith
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remembered for his role in establishing the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia; association with the Native American girl Pocahontas during an altercation with the Powhatan Confederacy and her father, Chief Powhatan. He was a leader of the Virginia Colony.
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Bacon's Rebellion
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Bacon's Rebellion was an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon, a wealthy planter. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part; The uprising was a protest against Native American raids on the frontier.
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Massachusetts Bay Company
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An English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century, in New England, centered around the present-day cities of Salem and Boston
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Roger Williams
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An English theologian, a notable proponent of religious toleration and the separation of church and state and an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans; co-founder of Rhode Island.
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Anne Hutchinson
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A pioneer settler in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Netherlands, and the unauthorized minister of a dissident church discussion group.
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Pequot War
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he Pequot War was an armed conflict in 1634-1638 between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies, with Native American allies (the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes), against the Pequot tribe.
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Declaratory Act
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Who: Parliament of Great Britain
What: An act that stated that Parliament had the right to make laws for the colonies of the matter. When: 1766, during America’s colonial period. Where: British colonies of America. Significance: The Declaratory Act provided as a spark for an outrage in the colonies due to the fact that the Parliament was trying to gain control of them. |
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Quartering Act
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Who: Parliament of Great Britain
What: The Quartering Acts were used by the British forces in the American colonies to ensure that British troops had adequate housing and provisions; required mandatory housing of British soldiers in the colonies. When: 1764. Where: The colonies of Britain in America. Significance: The Quartering Act also provided as fuel to the colonies to begin the Revolution against Great Britain. |
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Townshend Act
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Who: Charles Townshend
What: A series of acts that intended to raise the revenue in the colonies to pay for the governors and judges who would be independent of colonial control, to create more effective means of enforcing compliance with trade regulations. When: 1767 Where: British colonies in America Significance: The Townshend Acts provided more colonist’s distrust with Great Britain because Great Britain was trying to obtain money for their soldiers. |
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Tea Act
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Who: British Parliament
What: An act passed by British Parliament to tax tea o help the East Indian Company with the purchase of tea. When: 1773. Where: British colonies in America. Significance: The Tea Act then later resulted in the Boston Tea Party which was a key event in the growth of the American Revolution. |
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Boston Tea Party
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Who: Boston colonists.
What: A direct action protest against the Tea Act that was passed by the British Parliament by dumping over 300 crates of tea out of the ship into the Boston Harbor. When: 1773 Where: Massachusetts Significance: Key event in the birth of the American revolution. |
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Coercive Acts
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Who: British Parliament
What: Acts that were passed in response of the Boston Tea Party in hopes of having the colonists respect the parliamentary authority. When: 1774 Where: British colonies in America. Significance: The acts sparked outrage and resistance in the Thirteen Colonies and were important developments in the growth of the American Revolution. |
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Mutiny Acts
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Who: British Parliament
What: Act passed yearly by the Parliament governing the British army. When: 1689 Where: British colonies in America. Significance: This act made desertion, mutiny, and sedition of officers and soldiers crimes which were triable by court-martial and punishable by death |
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Samuel Adams
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Who: Samuel Adams, a statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
What: He was the leader of what was known as the American Revolution When: 1774. Where: British colonies in America. Significance: Samuel Adams became one of the founding fathers for our country. He was the leader that guided the colonists against the British in the American Revolution and was one of the reasons why America is its own country today and not in ties with Great Britain. |
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King William’s War:
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Who: England, France, and the American Indian allies.
What:The first of the French and Indian Wars. When: 1689-1697. Where: The American colonies. Significance: The significance of the King William's War was that it was the first war in the French and Indian War. |
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Queen Anne’s War:
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Who: France and England
What: The second in a series of four French and Indian Wars fought between France and England When: 1702-1713 Where: In North America Significance: The significance of the Queen Anne's War was Britain gained Acadia (which they renamed Nova Scotia), the island of Newfoundland, the Hudson Bay region, and the Caribbean island of St. Kitts. |
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Peace of Utrecht:
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Who: Louis XIV of France and Philip V of Spain and Queen Anne of Great Britain, the Duke of Savoy, and the United Provinces.
What: A series of individual peace treaties signed in the Dutch city of Utrecht When: March and April 1713. Where: In Dutch city of Utrecht Significance: Helped end the War of the Spanish Succession. |
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War of Jenkin’s Ear:
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Who: Great Britain and Spain
What: A conflict between Great Britain and Spain , with major operations largely ended in 1742. When: 1739-1748 Where: European colonies of Spain and England Significance: The war merged into the larger War of the Austrian Succession involving most of the powers of Europe. |
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Paxton Boys:
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Who: Backcountry Presbyterian Scots-Irish
What: A vigilante group that murdered at least twenty Native Americans in events sometimes called the Conestoga Massacre. When: 1763 Where: Central Pennsylvania Significance: It was a measure of the hostility that had developed between frontiersman and Indians and the march on Philadelphia was an early example of regional and social tension |
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Grenville’s Program:
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Who: George Grenville
What: A series of taxes and laws passed by the British government. When: 1763 Where: American colonies Significance: Grenville's Program was the spark of the fight for independence in the American colonies. |
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Patrick Henry:
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Who: The first post-colonial Governor of Virginia from 1776 to 1779
What: "Give me liberty, or give me death" and the first post-colonial Governor of Virginia. When: 1776-1179 Where: In the American colonies Significance: "Give me Liberty, or give me Death!" speech, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. |
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John Adams
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Who: John Adams
What: An American politician and the second President of the United States When: 1700-1800s Where: In the American colonies. Significance: The second president of America after being the first president. Probably the appointment of John Marshall as Chief Justice, which led to a massive increase in the prestige and importance of the Superme Court. |
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Daughters of Liberty:
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Who: Women who were in the American colonies.
What: a successful Colonial American group that consisted of women who displayed their patriotism by participating in boycotts of British goods following the passage of the Townshend Acts When: 1767 Where: American colonies. Significance: The significance of the Daughters of Liberty was that they helped influence a decision made by Continental Congress to boycott all British goods |
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Crispus Attucks:
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Who: One of five people killed in the Boston Massacre in Boston, Massachusetts
What: The first martyr of the American Revolution and is the only Boston Massacre victim whose name is commonly remembered When: 1770 Where: Boston, Massachusetts (death) Significance: The significance of Crispus Attucks was that he was one of the colonists who stood against the British. |
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Carolina Regulators
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Who: People in North Carolina
What: A North Carolina uprising, lasting from approximately 1764 to 1771, where citizens took up arms against corrupt colonial officials When: 1764-1771 Where: North Carolina Significance: A catalyst to the American Revolutionary War. |
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Battle of the Alamance
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Who: Regulators who were involved in the War of the Regulaton
What: Ended the so-called War of the Regulation When: 1771 Where: North Carolina Significance: Ended the so-called War of the Regulation and opened the American Revolution |
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FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, 1774
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Who: 12 of the 13 delegates
What: Convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen British North American colonies early in the American Revolution When: September 5, 1774, Where: Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia Pennsylvania, Significance: economic boycott of British trade, publish a list of rights and grievances, and petition King George for redress of those grievances. |
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Suffolk Resolves
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Who: Leaders of Suffolk County, Massachusetts,
What: a major development in colonial animosity leading to adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence When: September 9, 1774 Where: Massachusetts Significance: altered the political balance in Congress and paved the way for radical measures, such as the Continental Association, a general nonimportation agreement |
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Galloway Plan
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Who:Joseph Galloway
What: plan of union put forward by Joseph Galloway When:1774 Where: First Continental Congresssuggested the creation of an American Colonial Parliament to act together with the Parliament of Great Britain Significance: kept the British Empire together, while allowing the colonies to have some say over their own affairs, including the inflammatory issue of taxation. |
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LEXINGTON AND CONCORD, APRIL 19, 1775
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Who: British and American troops
What: first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. When: 1775 Where: Lexington and Concord Significance: he battles marked the outbreak of open armed conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and its thirteen colonies in the mainland of British North America. |
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Paul Revere, William Dawes
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Who: Paul Revere and William Dawes
What: mesengers in the battles of Lexington and Concord When: 1775 Where: Lexington and Concord Significance: warned Samuel Adams and John Hancock of the British movements |
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SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
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Who: 13 delegates
What: convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies soon after shooting in the American Revolutionary War When: May 10, 1775 Where: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Significance: By raising armies, directing strategy, appointing diplomats, and making formal treaties, the Congress acted as the de facto national government of what became the United States. |
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Slavery clause in the Declaration of Independence
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Who: Thomas Jefferson
What: clause in the Declaration of Independance about the freedom slaves When: 1776 Where: Continental Congress Significance: Had to be taken out of the declaration to ensure that all 13 states agreed |
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Somerset Case (in Great Britain)
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Who: James Somersett
What: famous judgement of the English Court of King's Bench in 1772 which held that slavery was unlawful in England When: 1772 Where: England Significance: Judged that slavery was unlawful in England |
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Quock Walker case- Mass
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Who: Quock Walker
What: case in which an American slave sued for and won his freedom When: 1780 Where: Massachusetts Significance: Declared all men to be born free and equal |
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Benedict Arnold
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Who: Benedict Arnold
What: general during the American Revolutionary War who originally fought for the American Continental Army but switched sides to the British Empire. When: 1779 Where: America and Britain Significance: obtained command of the fort at West Point, New York, and plotted unsuccessfully to surrender it to the British. After the plot failed, he served in the British military. |
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Continental Army
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Who: The United States
What: an army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America. When: 1775 Where: United States of America Significance: army was created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in their struggle against the rule of Great Britain. The Continental Army was in conjunction with local militias and other troops that remained under control of the individual states |
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Native Americans in the Revolutionary War
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Who: Native Americans east of the Mississippi River
What: Native American tribes When: 1775 Where: east of the Mississippi river Significance: most of the tribes sided with the British |
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Black Americans in the Revolutionary War
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Who: African Americans
What: slaves and free When: 1775 Where: U.S. Significance: fought on both sides of the war; many were promised freedom for serving |
