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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Inventor- made the cotton gin |
Eli Whitney |
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Created the first (successful) steamboat |
Robert Fulton |
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"Father of the American Industrial Revolution"- stole plans for textile machinery |
Samuel Slater |
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construction in 1817, issued by Clinton, later rendered useless by the railroad, "Clinton's Big Ditch" |
Erie Canal |
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Factory owner- Lowell system/lowell girls |
Francis Cabot Lowell |
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A factory system including room and board near the factory for workers, regimented schedule |
Lowell system |
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allegiances with higher or lower ranking members of a society |
vertical allegiances |
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allegiances with with same ranking members of a society |
horizontal allegiances |
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invention that separated the seed from cotton; allowed profitable cotton farming |
cotton gin |
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an early group of Boston businessmen who dominated the textile, railroad, insurance and banking business in the 1800s. They built the first power loom; Their factory made cloth so cheaply that women began to buy it rather than make it themselves, encouraging the start of the industrial revolution |
boston associates |
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girls who worked in the lowell system factories |
lowell factory girls |
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inventor of sewing machine |
Elias Howe |
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inventor who improved upon the sewing machine |
Issac Singer |
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a court case that made worker's unions legal |
Commonwealth v. Hunt |
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inventor that created the steel plow |
John Deere |
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inventor- created the McCormick reaper |
Cyrus McCormick |
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built in 1806, first highway built with federal funds |
National Road |
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The first working American-made steam locomotive, sparked the growing of the railroads |
"Tom Thumb" |
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Created the Atlantic telegraph company- laid a wire across the Atlantic |
Cyrus Field |
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Extremely fast american made ships, were light and carried little, but very expensive cargo |
clipper ships |
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The Steamboat 'Clemont''s nickname |
Fulton's folly |
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NY governor who allowed construction of the Erie Canal from state funds |
DeWitt Clinton |
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trader and real estate speculator- one of the first millionaires ($30 mil net worth when he died) |
John Jacob Astor |
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Developed the telegraph (1844) and morse code |
Samuel Morse |
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9th president of the US, died of pneumonia |
William Henry Harrison |
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Took WHH's position as president. Acted like a Democrat (though he was a Whig party member); ended the independent treasury and stopped a fiscal bank being formed |
John Tyler |
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slogan for the Harrison/Tyler campaign |
"Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!" |
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Leader of the Whig party- secretary of state for 3 terms |
Daniel Webster |
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a series of Canadian uprisings due to political issues, was supported by the US- led to the Canadian incident (USS Caroline was burned for supplying aid to rebels) and caused tension between GB and the US |
Canadian insurrection of 1837 |
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Dispute over the boundary in Maine (GB wanted to build a road through "US" land) was solved peacefully by the Webster-Ashburton Treaty |
Maine boundary dispute |
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settled the Maine boundary dispute- both parties were happy |
Webster-Ashburton treaty |
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Occurred in 1845 under Tyler- caused tension between north and south later down the line, as well as tension with the Mexican government |
annexation of Texas |
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an area of land in the NW of modern day US- Shared by GB and US |
Oregon country |
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A manmade trail for pioneers in the West that led all the way up to the Oregon country |
Oregon Trail |
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A settlement between GB and the US over who owned what sections of the Oregon Country |
49th parallel |
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Election between Polk ("Young Hickory" ) and Henry clay, Polk won (barely) |
Election of 1844 |
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U.S. president that aimed to do and succeeded in 4 things during his presidency in 1844- Gain the Oregon territory. Gain California, Reestablish public treasury, and Settle boundaries of texas |
James K. Polk |
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political party whose primary focus was the fight for abolition |
Liberty Party |
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the River Taylor's troops crossed to provoke the Mexicans- accepted boundary of Texas by the Mexicans |
Nueces River |
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Accepted boundary of Texas by the American settlers |
Rio Grande |
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a mission to buy california land for at max $25 million, wasn't able to propose the deal (kicked out) |
Slidell's mission |
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General who led and won in the Mexican-american war, Became 12th president 1849 |
Zachary Taylor |
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First presidential candidate to run for the abolition of slavery- against slavery in territories |
John C. Fremont |
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"Old Fuss and Feathers"- led forces to mexico city and won the war |
Winfield Scott |
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Secured the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, prone to spending too much government money |
Nicholas Trist |
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ended the Mexican-American war- gave US California and the Land they wanted for Texas (to the nueces river) |
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo |
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A manufacturing system that allowed machines to use parts that were build to a set model (rather than for that specific construction) |
interchangeable parts |
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built in 1790- first successful road toll system in the US |
Lancaster Turnpike |
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A method of delivering mail west to east/east to west fast using teams of horses and riders, short lived due to inefficiency and danger |
Pony express |
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A large scale crop failure of potatoes that forced many Irish to immigrate to the US |
irish potato famine |
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Germans who came to the US because of political disputes, had a modest amount of riches |
"Forty-Eighters" |
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The hate of immigrants and the "lifting up" of the "native" americans |
nativism |
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A religious reform featuring many new religions forming/splitting and new ideas being developed (egalitarianism) |
Second Great Awakening |
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a religion centering around the belief that God is one being (as opposed to the Holy Trinity) |
Unitarianism |
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baptist preacher- the founder of the religious movement that believed that Christ would return to Earth on October 22, 1844. |
William Miller |
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otherwise known as millerites, followers of William Miller |
Adventists |
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Founded by Joseph smith in 1830 members were driven out from town to town until moving to and settling Utah- "uniquely american" |
Latter-Day Saints/Mormons |
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Founder of the Latter-Day saint/Mormon faith |
Joseph Smith |
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Became the leader of the Latter day saints after Joseph smith was murdered by a mob, led them to Utah |
Brigham Young |
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Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, was a supporter of public school reform, set the standard for public schools for the nation. |
Horace Mann |
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Standardized american english and education |
Noah Webster |
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Created widely used educational textbooks- McGuffey readers |
William McGuffey |
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Founded Holyoke college in 1837- first women's college |
Mary Lyon |
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Organized the Seneca falls convention (women's rights) in 1848- quaker activist |
Lucretia Mott |
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Advocated for women's rights at Seneca fall's convention. wrote "A Declaration of Sentiments" |
Cady Stanton |
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quaker- lecturer for women's rights- believed men and women were equal, forefront suffragist |
Susan B. Anthony |
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first woman doctor mid 1800 |
Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell |
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transcendentalist- she edited "the Dial" (transcendentalist publication) |
Margaret Fuller |
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Abolitionists and suffragettes from South Carolina-- wrote Letter on the Condition of Women and the Equality of the Sexes (1837) |
the Grimke sisters |
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initial laws for temperance (no alchohol) established by Neal Dow in 1851 |
Dow's Maine Laws |
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Founder/editor of the NY tribune, founded the republican party, supported abolition |
Horace Greeley |
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mental health and hospital improvement advocate, woman |
Dorothea Dix |
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Suffragette who also supported abolition, first woman to keep her maiden name and receive a college degree in the US |
Lucy Stone |
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first modern women's rights convention |
Seneca Falls Convention |
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a communal society that harbored any willing to join, fell apart because of continuous infighting and confusion after two years |
New Harmony |
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A transcendentalist Utopian experiment, formed a communal society anyone was free to come and go to |
Brook Farm |
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radial utopian society- "free love" was prominent, as was selective breeding and male birth control to produce a "superior" generation |
Oneida Community |
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a utopian society where dancing was common in worship (hence the name)- believed god was male and female, didn't allow male-female contact |
Shakers |
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A painter from Rhode Island who painted several "ideal" portraits of Washington |
Gilbert Stuart |
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A painter from Maryland, painted 60 portraits of Washington |
Charles Wilson Peale |
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A painter who painted revolutionary war paintings |
John Trumbull |
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published Knickerbockers History of New York in 1809 and The Sketch Book in 1819-1820 (blend of old and new world ideas) |
Washington Irving |
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an idealistic philosophical and social movement that developed in New England around 1836 in reaction to rationalism. Influenced by romanticism, Platonism, and Kantian philosophy, it taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity, and its members held progressive views on feminism and communal living. |
transcendentalism |
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american transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson |
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poet, a mystic, a transcendentalist, a nonconformist is well known for his novel about the two years of simple living he spent on the edge of Walden Pond called "On Walden Pond" |
Henry David Thoreau |
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author of the raven |
Poe |
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Founded by Thomas Cole, first native school of landscape painting in the U.S |
the Hudson River School |
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Humanist and poet who helped to start the transition between transcendentalism and realism. Wrote "Leaves of Grass," |
Walt Whitman |
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this "Father of American History" helped found the Naval Academy. |
George Bancroft |
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A settlement in Africa formed by the "american colonization society" to which it sent slaves to "return" them to their homeland |
Liberia |
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An economy based off of entirely 1 kind of plant (cotton) |
one-crop economy |
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wrote uncle tom's cabin, abolitionist |
Harriet Beecher Stowe |
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African american ex slave pastor- led "Nat's Rebellion" |
Nat Turner |
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An American Presbyterian minister, journalist, and newspaper editor who was murdered by a mob in Alton, Illinois for his abolitionist views. |
Elijah Lovejoy |
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Radical abolitionist who edited "The liberator"- paper advocating for immediate abolition |
William Lloyd Garrison |
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United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery |
Sojourner Truth |
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free slave in south carolina; a mulatto who inspired a group of slaves to seize charleston, south carolina in 1822, but one of them betrayed him and he and his thirty-seven followers were hanged before the revolt started. |
Denmark Vessey |
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American abolitionist whose pamphlet Slavery As It Is (1839) inspired novel Uncle Tom's Cabin- Put together a group called the "Land Rebels" |
Theodore Dwight Weld |
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influencial writer. one of the most prominent african american figures in the abolitionist movement. escaped from slavery in maryland. 12 yrs a slave |
Frederick Douglass |
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was an outspoken African American activist who demanded the immediate end of slavery in the new nation published in 1829 his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World |
David Walker |
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a form of governing where an elect, rich few make all decisions |
oligarchy |
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The belief that slavery was beneficial was positive for whites and blacks |
positive good |
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Strict rule passed by prosouthern Congressmen in 1836 to prohibit all discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives |
gag resolution |
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approach to ending slavery that called for slaveholders to be paid for the loss of their "property" as slaves were freed |
compensated emancipation |
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father of "popular sovereignty." Ran for president in 1848 but Gen. Taylor won, allowed slavery to spread |
Lewis Cass |
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an opponent of the Compromise of 1850. He appealed, with reference excluding slavery in the territories, to an even "higher law" than the Constitution. |
William Seward |
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Senator from Illinois who ran for president against Abraham Lincoln. Wrote the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Freeport Doctrine |
Stephen Douglas |
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was the eighth president of the united states, passed the divorce bill which placed the federal surplus in vaults located in large cities and denied the backing system |
Martin Van Buren |
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American diplomat, politician, and railroad promoter who negotiated the Gadsden Purchase. |
James Gadsden |
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an American politician and the fourteenth President of the United States- repealed Missouri Compromise |
Pierce |
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House of representatives speaker, "The Great compromiser" Leader of the whigs party |
Henry Clay |
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He was the military leader who convinced the Japanese to sign a treaty in 1853 with the U.S. The treaty allowed for a commercial foot in Japan which was helpful with furthering a relationship with Japan. |
Matthew C. Perry |
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successor of president zachary taylor after his death on july 9th 1850. he helped pass the compromise of 1850 by gaining the support of northern whigs for the compromise. |
Millard Fillmore |
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Vice President under Andrew Jackson; leading Southern politician; began his political career as a nationalist and an advocate of protective tariffs, later he becomes an advocate of free trade, states' rights, limited government, and nullification. |
John C. Calhoun |
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United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad |
Harriet Tubman |
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• California admitted as a free state, Texas gave up its claims to lands disputed with New Mexico, Slave trade in D.C. was banned, but slavery was legal in the South, Popular sovereignty in Mexican Cession lands, Texas was paid $10 million for land lost, A new, tougher Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 |
Compromise of 1850 |
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came from the Compromise of 1850; paid federal commissioners were appointed and given authority to issue warrants, gather, posses and force citizens to help catch runaway slaves |
Fugitive Slave Law |
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This Act set up Kansas and Nebraska as states. Each state would use popular sovereignty to decide what to do about slavery. People who were pro-slavery and antislavery moved to Kansas, but some antislavery settlers were against the Act. This began guerrilla warfare. |
Kansas-Nebraska Act |
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slavery could not exist in a community if the local citizens did not pass and enforce laws for maintaining it. idea authored by stephen douglas that claimed slavery could only exist when popular sovereignty said so |
Freeport Doctrine |
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Kansas was being disputed for free or slave soil during 1854-1857, by popular sovereignty. In 1857, there were enough free-soilers to overrule the slave-soilers. So many people were feuding that disagreements eventually led to killing in Kansas between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces. |
Bleeding Kansas |