Apush Chapters 14-17

Front 1

Inventor- made the cotton gin

Back 1

Eli Whitney

Front 2

Created the first (successful) steamboat

Back 2

Robert Fulton

Front 3

"Father of the American Industrial Revolution"- stole plans for textile machinery

Back 3

Samuel Slater

Front 4

construction in 1817, issued by Clinton, later rendered useless by the railroad, "Clinton's Big Ditch"

Back 4

Erie Canal

Front 5

Factory owner- Lowell system/lowell girls

Back 5

Francis Cabot Lowell

Front 6

A factory system including room and board near the factory for workers, regimented schedule

Back 6

Lowell system

Front 7

allegiances with higher or lower ranking members of a society

Back 7

vertical allegiances

Front 8

allegiances with with same ranking members of a society

Back 8

horizontal allegiances

Front 9

invention that separated the seed from cotton; allowed profitable cotton farming

Back 9

cotton gin

Front 10

an early group of Boston businessmen who dominated the textile, railroad, insurance and banking business in the 1800s. They built the first power loom; Their factory made cloth so cheaply that women began to buy it rather than make it themselves, encouraging the start of the industrial revolution

Back 10

boston associates

Front 11

girls who worked in the lowell system factories

Back 11

lowell factory girls

Front 12

inventor of sewing machine

Back 12

Elias Howe

Front 13

inventor who improved upon the sewing machine

Back 13

Issac Singer

Front 14

a court case that made worker's unions legal

Back 14

Commonwealth v. Hunt

Front 15

inventor that created the steel plow

Back 15

John Deere

Front 16

inventor- created the McCormick reaper

Back 16

Cyrus McCormick

Front 17

built in 1806, first highway built with federal funds

Back 17

National Road

Front 18

The first working American-made steam locomotive, sparked the growing of the railroads

Back 18

"Tom Thumb"

Front 19

Created the Atlantic telegraph company- laid a wire across the Atlantic

Back 19

Cyrus Field

Front 20

Extremely fast american made ships, were light and carried little, but very expensive cargo

Back 20

clipper ships

Front 21

The Steamboat 'Clemont''s nickname

Back 21

Fulton's folly

Front 22

NY governor who allowed construction of the Erie Canal from state funds

Back 22

DeWitt Clinton

Front 23

trader and real estate speculator- one of the first millionaires ($30 mil net worth when he died)

Back 23

John Jacob Astor

Front 24

Developed the telegraph (1844) and morse code

Back 24

Samuel Morse

Front 25

9th president of the US, died of pneumonia

Back 25

William Henry Harrison

Front 26

Took WHH's position as president. Acted like a Democrat (though he was a Whig party member); ended the independent treasury and stopped a fiscal bank being formed

Back 26

John Tyler

Front 27

slogan for the Harrison/Tyler campaign

Back 27

"Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!"

Front 28

Leader of the Whig party- secretary of state for 3 terms

Back 28

Daniel Webster

Front 29

a series of Canadian uprisings due to political issues, was supported by the US- led to the Canadian incident (USS Caroline was burned for supplying aid to rebels) and caused tension between GB and the US

Back 29

Canadian insurrection of 1837

Front 30

Dispute over the boundary in Maine (GB wanted to build a road through "US" land) was solved peacefully by the Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Back 30

Maine boundary dispute

Front 31

settled the Maine boundary dispute- both parties were happy

Back 31

Webster-Ashburton treaty

Front 32

Occurred in 1845 under Tyler- caused tension between north and south later down the line, as well as tension with the Mexican government

Back 32

annexation of Texas

Front 33

an area of land in the NW of modern day US- Shared by GB and US

Back 33

Oregon country

Front 34

A manmade trail for pioneers in the West that led all the way up to the Oregon country

Back 34

Oregon Trail

Front 35

A settlement between GB and the US over who owned what sections of the Oregon Country

Back 35

49th parallel

Front 36

Election between Polk ("Young Hickory" ) and Henry clay, Polk won (barely)

Back 36

Election of 1844

Front 37

U.S. president that aimed to do and succeeded in 4 things during his presidency in 1844- Gain the Oregon territory. Gain California, Reestablish public treasury, and Settle boundaries of texas

Back 37

James K. Polk

Front 38

political party whose primary focus was the fight for abolition

Back 38

Liberty Party

Front 39

the River Taylor's troops crossed to provoke the Mexicans- accepted boundary of Texas by the Mexicans

Back 39

Nueces River

Front 40

Accepted boundary of Texas by the American settlers

Back 40

Rio Grande

Front 41

a mission to buy california land for at max $25 million, wasn't able to propose the deal (kicked out)

Back 41

Slidell's mission

Front 42

General who led and won in the Mexican-american war, Became 12th president 1849

Back 42

Zachary Taylor

Front 43

First presidential candidate to run for the abolition of slavery- against slavery in territories

Back 43

John C. Fremont

Front 44

"Old Fuss and Feathers"- led forces to mexico city and won the war

Back 44

Winfield Scott

Front 45

Secured the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, prone to spending too much government money

Back 45

Nicholas Trist

Front 46

ended the Mexican-American war- gave US California and the Land they wanted for Texas (to the nueces river)

Back 46

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Front 47

A manufacturing system that allowed machines to use parts that were build to a set model (rather than for that specific construction)

Back 47

interchangeable parts

Front 48

built in 1790- first successful road toll system in the US

Back 48

Lancaster Turnpike

Front 49

A method of delivering mail west to east/east to west fast using teams of horses and riders, short lived due to inefficiency and danger

Back 49

Pony express

Front 50

A large scale crop failure of potatoes that forced many Irish to immigrate to the US

Back 50

irish potato famine

Front 51

Germans who came to the US because of political disputes, had a modest amount of riches

Back 51

"Forty-Eighters"

Front 52

The hate of immigrants and the "lifting up" of the "native" americans

Back 52

nativism

Front 53

A religious reform featuring many new religions forming/splitting and new ideas being developed (egalitarianism)

Back 53

Second Great Awakening

Front 54

a religion centering around the belief that God is one being (as opposed to the Holy Trinity)

Back 54

Unitarianism

Front 55

baptist preacher- the founder of the religious movement that believed that Christ would return to Earth on October 22, 1844.

Back 55

William Miller

Front 56

otherwise known as millerites, followers of William Miller

Back 56

Adventists

Front 57

Founded by Joseph smith in 1830 members were driven out from town to town until moving to and settling Utah- "uniquely american"

Back 57

Latter-Day Saints/Mormons

Front 58

Founder of the Latter-Day saint/Mormon faith

Back 58

Joseph Smith

Front 59

Became the leader of the Latter day saints after Joseph smith was murdered by a mob, led them to Utah

Back 59

Brigham Young

Front 60

Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, was a supporter of public school reform, set the standard for public schools for the nation.

Back 60

Horace Mann

Front 61

Standardized american english and education

Back 61

Noah Webster

Front 62

Created widely used educational textbooks- McGuffey readers

Back 62

William McGuffey

Front 63

Founded Holyoke college in 1837- first women's college

Back 63

Mary Lyon

Front 64

Organized the Seneca falls convention (women's rights) in 1848- quaker activist

Back 64

Lucretia Mott

Front 65

Advocated for women's rights at Seneca fall's convention. wrote "A Declaration of Sentiments"

Back 65

Cady Stanton

Front 66

quaker- lecturer for women's rights- believed men and women were equal, forefront suffragist

Back 66

Susan B. Anthony

Front 67

first woman doctor mid 1800

Back 67

Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell

Front 68

transcendentalist- she edited "the Dial" (transcendentalist publication)

Back 68

Margaret Fuller

Front 69

Abolitionists and suffragettes from South Carolina-- wrote Letter on the Condition of Women and the Equality of the Sexes (1837)

Back 69

the Grimke sisters

Front 70

initial laws for temperance (no alchohol) established by Neal Dow in 1851

Back 70

Dow's Maine Laws

Front 71

Founder/editor of the NY tribune, founded the republican party, supported abolition

Back 71

Horace Greeley

Front 72

mental health and hospital improvement advocate, woman

Back 72

Dorothea Dix

Front 73

Suffragette who also supported abolition, first woman to keep her maiden name and receive a college degree in the US

Back 73

Lucy Stone

Front 74

first modern women's rights convention

Back 74

Seneca Falls Convention

Front 75

a communal society that harbored any willing to join, fell apart because of continuous infighting and confusion after two years

Back 75

New Harmony

Front 76

A transcendentalist Utopian experiment, formed a communal society anyone was free to come and go to

Back 76

Brook Farm

Front 77

radial utopian society- "free love" was prominent, as was selective breeding and male birth control to produce a "superior" generation

Back 77

Oneida Community

Front 78

a utopian society where dancing was common in worship (hence the name)- believed god was male and female, didn't allow male-female contact

Back 78

Shakers

Front 79

A painter from Rhode Island who painted several "ideal" portraits of Washington

Back 79

Gilbert Stuart

Front 80

A painter from Maryland, painted 60 portraits of Washington

Back 80

Charles Wilson Peale

Front 81

A painter who painted revolutionary war paintings

Back 81

John Trumbull

Front 82

published Knickerbockers History of New York in 1809 and The Sketch Book in 1819-1820 (blend of old and new world ideas)

Back 82

Washington Irving

Front 83

an idealistic philosophical and social movement that developed in New England around 1836 in reaction to rationalism. Influenced by romanticism, Platonism, and Kantian philosophy, it taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity, and its members held progressive views on feminism and communal living.

Back 83

transcendentalism

Front 84

american transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom.

Back 84

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Front 85

poet, a mystic, a transcendentalist, a nonconformist is well known for his novel about the two years of simple living he spent on the edge of Walden Pond called "On Walden Pond"

Back 85

Henry David Thoreau

Front 86

author of the raven

Back 86

Poe

Front 87

Founded by Thomas Cole, first native school of landscape painting in the U.S

Back 87

the Hudson River School

Front 88

Humanist and poet who helped to start the transition between transcendentalism and realism. Wrote "Leaves of Grass,"

Back 88

Walt Whitman

Front 89

this "Father of American History" helped found the Naval Academy.

Back 89

George Bancroft

Front 90

A settlement in Africa formed by the "american colonization society" to which it sent slaves to "return" them to their homeland

Back 90

Liberia

Front 91

An economy based off of entirely 1 kind of plant (cotton)

Back 91

one-crop economy

Front 92

wrote uncle tom's cabin, abolitionist

Back 92

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Front 93

African american ex slave pastor- led "Nat's Rebellion"

Back 93

Nat Turner

Front 94

An American Presbyterian minister, journalist, and newspaper editor who was murdered by a mob in Alton, Illinois for his abolitionist views.

Back 94

Elijah Lovejoy

Front 95

Radical abolitionist who edited "The liberator"- paper advocating for immediate abolition

Back 95

William Lloyd Garrison

Front 96

United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery

Back 96

Sojourner Truth

Front 97

free slave in south carolina; a mulatto who inspired a group of slaves to seize charleston, south carolina in 1822, but one of them betrayed him and he and his thirty-seven followers were hanged before the revolt started.

Back 97

Denmark Vessey

Front 98

American abolitionist whose pamphlet Slavery As It Is (1839) inspired novel Uncle Tom's Cabin- Put together a group called the "Land Rebels"

Back 98

Theodore Dwight Weld

Front 99

influencial writer. one of the most prominent african american figures in the abolitionist movement. escaped from slavery in maryland. 12 yrs a slave

Back 99

Frederick Douglass

Front 100

was an outspoken African American activist who demanded the immediate end of slavery in the new nation published in 1829 his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World

Back 100

David Walker

Front 101

a form of governing where an elect, rich few make all decisions

Back 101

oligarchy

Front 102

The belief that slavery was beneficial was positive for whites and blacks

Back 102

positive good

Front 103

Strict rule passed by prosouthern Congressmen in 1836 to prohibit all discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives

Back 103

gag resolution

Front 104

approach to ending slavery that called for slaveholders to be paid for the loss of their "property" as slaves were freed

Back 104

compensated emancipation

Front 105

father of "popular sovereignty." Ran for president in 1848 but Gen. Taylor won, allowed slavery to spread

Back 105

Lewis Cass

Front 106

an opponent of the Compromise of 1850. He appealed, with reference excluding slavery in the territories, to an even "higher law" than the Constitution.

Back 106

William Seward

Front 107

Senator from Illinois who ran for president against Abraham Lincoln. Wrote the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Freeport Doctrine

Back 107

Stephen Douglas

Front 108

was the eighth president of the united states, passed the divorce bill which placed the federal surplus in vaults located in large cities and denied the backing system

Back 108

Martin Van Buren

Front 109

American diplomat, politician, and railroad promoter who negotiated the Gadsden Purchase.

Back 109

James Gadsden

Front 110

an American politician and the fourteenth President of the United States- repealed Missouri Compromise

Back 110

Pierce

Front 111

House of representatives speaker, "The Great compromiser" Leader of the whigs party

Back 111

Henry Clay

Front 112

He was the military leader who convinced the Japanese to sign a treaty in 1853 with the U.S. The treaty allowed for a commercial foot in Japan which was helpful with furthering a relationship with Japan.

Back 112

Matthew C. Perry

Front 113

successor of president zachary taylor after his death on july 9th 1850. he helped pass the compromise of 1850 by gaining the support of northern whigs for the compromise.

Back 113

Millard Fillmore

Front 114

Vice President under Andrew Jackson; leading Southern politician; began his political career as a nationalist and an advocate of protective tariffs, later he becomes an advocate of free trade, states' rights, limited government, and nullification.

Back 114

John C. Calhoun

Front 115

United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad

Back 115

Harriet Tubman

Front 116

• California admitted as a free state, Texas gave up its claims to lands disputed with New Mexico, Slave trade in D.C. was banned, but slavery was legal in the South, Popular sovereignty in Mexican Cession lands, Texas was paid $10 million for land lost, A new, tougher Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

Back 116

Compromise of 1850

Front 117

came from the Compromise of 1850; paid federal commissioners were appointed and given authority to issue warrants, gather, posses and force citizens to help catch runaway slaves

Back 117

Fugitive Slave Law

Front 118

This Act set up Kansas and Nebraska as states. Each state would use popular sovereignty to decide what to do about slavery. People who were pro-slavery and antislavery moved to Kansas, but some antislavery settlers were against the Act. This began guerrilla warfare.

Back 118

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Front 119

slavery could not exist in a community if the local citizens did not pass and enforce laws for maintaining it. idea authored by stephen douglas that claimed slavery could only exist when popular sovereignty said so

Back 119

Freeport Doctrine

Front 120

Kansas was being disputed for free or slave soil during 1854-1857, by popular sovereignty. In 1857, there were enough free-soilers to overrule the slave-soilers. So many people were feuding that disagreements eventually led to killing in Kansas between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces.

Back 120

Bleeding Kansas