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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Germans
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6%, Protestant
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Scots-Irish
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7%; resented in Ireland; came to America, squatters, quarreled with colonists and Indians; hot-headed and independent
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Paxton Boys
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to protest the Quaker’
peaceful treatment of the Indians |
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Social Pyramid
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Rich plantation owners, small farmers, landless whites, indentured servants, slaves
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Most honored profession
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Clergy - priests
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Leading industry
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Agriculture; Tobacco
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Triangular Trade
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New England (rum), Africa (slaves), and West Indies (molasses)
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Most Important Manufacturing Activity
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Lumbering
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Molasses Act, 1773
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Only trade with Britain, lead to smuggling
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I.Two “Established Churches” (tax-supported)
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Anglican and the Congregational
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The Great Awakening
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Religious beliefs fading, worry that people wouldn't be saved, led to a revival
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Jonathan Edwards
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Preacher; his methods sparked debate among peers; lead listeners to tears about eternal damnation
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George Whitefield
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Preacher; Imitators copied his emotional shaking sermons and his heaping of blame on sinners.
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Painters
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John Trumbull, Charles Willson Peale, Benjamin West and John Singleton Copley
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Architecture
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imported from new world and made to fit the colonies needs
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Literature
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slave, Phillis Wheatley, wrote poems; Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard’s Almanack
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John Peter Zenger
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charged with libel, won, freedom of press
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Two-House Legislature
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Upper house- crown, Lower house - elected by the people
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1598, Edict of Nantes
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allowing limited toleration to the French Huguenots
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Samuel de Champlain
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an intrepid soldier and explorer, the “Father of New France.” Friendly with Huron Indians, defeat the Iroquois Indians
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New France's Resource
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Beaver
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Robert de LaSalle, 1682
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Louisiana was founded, to halt Spanish expansion into the area near the Gulf of Mexico.
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King William’s War and Queen Anne’s War
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Colonists vs French and Indians; gace Acadia to England; gave limited trading rights with Spanish America
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The War of Jenkins’s Ear
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This war soon merged with the War of Austrian Succession-to be called King George’s War in America. England vs. French and Spain. Louisbourg back to France
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French and Indian War
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England and Prussia vs. France, Spain, Austria, and Russia
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Albany Congress
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In 1754, 7 of the 13 colonies met for an inter-colonial congress held in Albany, New York
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Gen. Edward Braddock
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lead a bunch of inexperienced soldiers with slow, heavy artillery; defeat after defeat
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William Pitt
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soft-pedaled assaults on the French West Indies; replaced old, cautious officers with younger, daring officers
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1759 Battle of Quebec
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when Montreal fell in 1760, that was the last time French flags would fly onAmerican soil
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Peace Treaty at Paris in 1763
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France out of North America; Britain leading naval power; great power in North America
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Ottawa Chief Pontiac
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1763, led a few French-allied tribes in a bloody campaign through the Ohio Valley
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Proclamation of 1763
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prohibiting any settlement in the area beyond the Appalachians
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Acadians
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Forced to leave Canada; new dialect, Cajun
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Mercantilism
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A country’s economic wealth could be measured by the amount of gold or silver in its treasury.
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Navigation Laws
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restricted commerce from the colonies to England (and back) to only English ships, and none other.
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Salutary Neglect
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not enforcing the Navigation Laws, lead to smuggling
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Disadvantages of Mercantilism
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Americans couldn’t buy, sell, ship, or manufacture under their most favorable conditions
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Sugar Act of 1764
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increased duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies
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Quartering Act of 1765
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certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops
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Stamp Act of 1765
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mandated the use of stamped paper or the affixing of stamps, certifying payment of tax
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Virtual Representation
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every Parliament member represented all British subjects (so Americans were represented)
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Stamp Act Congress
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largely ignored in Britain, but was a step toward inter-colonial unity
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Declaratory Act, 1766
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proclaiming that Parliament had the right “to bind” the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”
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Townshend Acts in 1767
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light taxes on lead, paper, paint, and tea
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Boston Massacre
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March 5, 1770; 60 people, 10 Redcoats, 11 wounded or killed; Crispus Attucks
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Boston Tea Party
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III.On December 16, 1773, some Whites, led by Samuel Adams, disguised themselves as Indians, opened 342 chests and dumped the tea into the ocean
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Intolerable Acts 1774
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The Boston Port Act closed the harbor in Boston. Self-government was limited by forbidding town hall meetings without approval. The charter to Massachusetts was revoked.
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Quebec Act
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it guaranteed Catholicism to the French-Canadians, permitted them to retain their old customs, and extended the old boundaries of Quebec all the way to the Ohio River
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First Continental Congress
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September 5th to October 26th, 1774; came up with a list of grievances, which were ignored in Parliament.
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Lexington and Concord
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April 1775; the British commander in Boston sent a detachment of troops to seize supplies and to capture Sam Adams and John Hancock
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Hessians
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German mercenaries
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Baron von Steuben
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German, whipped colonists into shape
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November 1775, Lord Dunmore's Proclamation
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declaring freedom for any enslaved black in Virginia who
joined the British Army |
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Second Continental Congress
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met in Philadelphia on May 10,
1775, with no real intention of independence, but merely a desire to continue fighting in the hope that the king and Parliament would consent to a redress of grievances. |
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May 1775, Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold
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surprised and captured the
British garrisons at Forts Ticonderoga and Crown Point |
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June 1775, Bunker Hill
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King declared colonies in rebellion
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October 1775
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British burned Falmouth (Portland), Maine
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Thomas Paine's Common Sense
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urged independence
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Republicanism
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a “republic” where representative senators, governors, and judges should have their power from the consent of the people
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Richard Henry Lee
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On June 7, 1776, urged for complete independence, an idea that was finally adopted on July 2, 1776.
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Thomas Jefferson
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Declaration of Indepence; list of grievances and natural rights; July 4th, 1776
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Whigs
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Patriots
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Tories
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Loyalists
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Delaware River at Trenton on December 26, 1776
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surprised and captured a thousand Hessians who were sleeping off their Christmas Day celebration
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Battle of Brooklyn Heights
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Surrounded, escaped in fog, left campfires burning as a ruse, all escaped successfully
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General Burgoyne capture Hudson River valley in 1777
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Benedict Arnold assembled a "navy" to fight off British on Lake Champlain.
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The Battle of Saratoga, on October 17, 1777
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France sensed America might actually win and came out to officially help America
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Gen. Benedict Arnold turned traitor
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1780, lured by gold, plotting with the British to sell out
West Point. |
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1777, "bloody year"
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Indians went on a scalping spree
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Treaty of Fort Stanwix, 1784
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the first treaty between the U.S. and an Indian nation.
Under its terms, the Indians ceded most of their land. |
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Treaty of Paris of 1783
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Britain formally recognized U.S. independence and granted generous
boundaries |
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Olive Branch Petition
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July 1775
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Admiral de Grasse
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assault on Cornwallis at Yorktown; surrendered October 19, 1781
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Writs of Assistance 1763
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a way around paper search warrents
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Articles of Confederation
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1781
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Radical Whigs
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alert of any threats against their rights
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