Apush Ch. 27: Empire And Expansion-Big Picture Themes

Front 1

What factors caused America to turn its attention to the world beyond her borders?

Back 1

1. Darwinism 2. Reshaping agriculture, industry, and social structure 3. Scramble of several other nations for international advantages 4. Looking for markets over sea 5. Josiah Strong's "Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis" to gain more people towards religion 6. Alfred Mahan's "Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783" considered the control of the sea 7. Big Sister Policy by J. Blaine with Pan-American Conference 8. British boundary dispute in Guiana and Venezuela that caught Richard Olney's attention 9. Great Rapproachement that reconciled b/t US and Britain that became a corner stone of both foreign polivcies

Front 2

Why did President Cleveland not want to annex Hawaii?

Back 2

He suspected his nation gravely wronged the deposed Queen Liliuokalani and her people.

Front 3

What was happening in Cuba that caused Americans to be concerned?

Back 3

The country was misgoverned by the Spanish, Sugar production crumbled (meaning American interest lost) , the investment stake at $50 Million, control of Cuba= control of Gulf of Mexico, William Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer's yellow journalism, Dupuy de Lome (a letter from Spanish minister that back talked McKinley), the U. S. S. Maine exploded, and General "Butcher" Weyler (who put the people in barbed wire reconcentration camps).

Front 4

Why did Commodore Dewey have such an easy victory over the Spanish fleet at the Philippines?

Back 4

May 1, 1898 he carried out his orders and sailed with 6 war-ships into Manila harbor where he trained his guns into 10 ship Spanish fleet. The Spanish were antiquated and over matched vessels that destroyed with 400 Spaniards killed or wounded. He couldn't storm out though because German warships, deepening the tensions between them. They captured Manila with Filipino leader, Emilio Aguinaldo.

Front 5

Describe the fighting in Cuba.

Back 5

Spain ordered a fleet to Cuba but was blockaded by American fleet. General W, R, Shafter lead an invading force but forces unequipped. Rough Riders, a part of invading army, made up from ex-convicts and polo-players, commanded by Colonel L. Wood and Colonel t. Roosevelt. Mid-June, the American army (17,000) embarked to Cuba (San Juan hill). Cuban insurrectors met little opposition. July 1, El Caney and Kettle Hill was whwre a fight broke out and had July 3, Spain left but was caught by American ships and finally August, 12, 1898, Spain signed an armistice.

Front 6

What were arguments for and against the annexation of the Philippines?

Back 6

For: couldn't give back for misrule; might fall to anarchy; others might seize them; take it then give it up later; Protestant missionaries wanted to convert the people; trade profits
Against: different culture, tongue, and gov't institution; dishonor and destroy America's commitment to self-determination and anti-colonialism; Anti-Imperialist league who had Mark Twain, Stanford, Harvard, Sam Gompher,and A. Carneige; violate the Declaration of Independence and Consitution
*In the end, America gained it.

Front 7

Describe the American treatment for Cuba after the Spanish-American War.

Back 7

Foraker Act of 1900: limited degree of popular gov't; Congress granted citizenship in 1917 b/ not full; improved ed, clean, and transportation; legal problems such as the Insular Cases(flag outruns the Constitution); American military gov't by General Wood to General Reed had brought over yellow fever; human guinea pigs for different experiments; Platt Amendment(1901) had Cubans own gov't control b/ they didn't really like it

Front 8

What were the outcomes of the Spanish-American War?

Back 8

Pride rose sharply; Euro gained more respect towards America (Britain, France, Russia, and others upgraded their legations); new martial spirit; imperailist and colonial island; big Navy and more and better battleships; closed the gap b/t the North and South; full-fledged Far Eastern power

Front 9

In what way do the Philippines show the good and bad sides of American imperialism?

Back 9

Good: William H. Taft; civil governor for them; Millions of $ ti improve roads, saniation, and public health; important economic ties; good school system
bad: "water cure" (forced water down victims to get info.); built reconstruction camps; suppressed rebellion; "benevolent assimilation" by McKinley

Front 10

Was American involvement in China beneficial to China?

Back 10

John Hay (Secretary of State) dispatched "Open Door policy" that allowed everyone to trade within the markets of China; Boxer rebellion was when rebels murdered 200 foreigners and 1,000 Chinese Christians and beseigned foreign diplomatic community capital; $18 Million spent of education

Front 11

What issues were important in the 1900 election?

Back 11

Republican oversea imperialism and Filipino concern of freedom

Front 12

Give evidence that shows Teddy Roosevelt was an unconventional president?

Back 12

Preached virile virtues; denounced pacifistic "flubdubs" and "mollycoodle"; "Speak softly and carrying a big stick, [and] you will go far"; referred to Bully Pulpit terrific platform but advocated agenda); outsized ego; loved the people and mingled with everyone; believed president should lead boldly; no respect towards the checks and balance system; should take any action in the general interest that is not specific foribidden by the laws of the Constitution

Front 13

Why was the Panama route chosen for the canal?

Back 13

An isthmus canal would get supplies faster to Pacific. The Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901) gave the U.S. a freehand to build a canal and conceded right to fortify. French Canal Company wanted to get something out of Panama instead of Nicaragua so Phillipine Buau-Varilla dropped the price to $40 Million and Congress agreed to it and began to build in July of 1902. William C. Gorgas had the Canal a safe zone from disease and George Washington finished the canal in 1914.

Front 14

Explain the similarities and differences between the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary?

Back 14

Similarities: revised version of Monroe Doctrine; kept Euro. out of western hemisphere
Differences: R. C. promoted "Bad Neighbor policy", justify wholesome intervention and repeated landing marines

Front 15

How did Teddy Roosevelt win the Nobel Prize?

Back 15

He went into international affairs. The Russo-Japanese War began due to Russia wanting land but Japan took it the other way so the battle began at Port Arthur. Slowly the Japanese were losing men so they asked TR to help sponser peace negotations. In Portsmouth, NH, (1905) TR guided the parties to satsify neither side and left Japaneses resentful (they dropped cash indeminity) while Russia had to evacuate Sakhalin Island.

Front 16

How did the school board in Cal. act in a way that fist hurt and then helped American-Japanese relations?

Back 16

They ordered segreation of Chinese, Japanes, and Korean students in a special school so white students got more space, thus heightened into an international crisis. Teddy wasn't happy so he invented the School Board and "brandished his big stick and barred his teeth". Cal. induced to repeal offensive school and accepted the "Gentlemen's Argeement". Then he went to impress the Japanese by sending his entire battleship fleet on a trip around the world, "Great White Fleet". Finally in 1908, US signed the Root-Takahira agreement with Japan(pledging both powers to respect each other's territorial possessions in Pacific and uphold "Open Door" in China).