Apush Ch. 20-22

Front 1

William Seward

Back 1

Bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million; called Seward's folly, but eventually paid off when gold was discovered.

Front 2

Purchase of Alaska

Back 2

Bought for $7.2 million;bought not to offend their friend the tsar; Russia sold to further strengthen the republic as a barrier against Britain

Front 3

Abraham Lincoln

Back 3

Declared marshall law in Maryland and sent troops to make sure that Washington stayed on the North's side. Declared war for Union, not for abolition (due to the butternut region); 16th president, assasinated John Wilkes Booth.

Front 4

Edwin Stanton

Back 4

Secretary War during Lincoln,'s president, fired by Johnson, impeached by Congress.'

Front 5

Andrew Johnson

Back 5

Lincoln's VP, took office after Lincoln was assassinated.

Front 6

Ulysses S Grant

Back 6

Won at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, and took Vicksburg which also ensured that foreign intervention wouldn't happen. Later he captured men at Richmond and cornered the South at the Appomattox Courthouse.

Front 7

Andrew Johnson

Back 7

A Southern Congressmen form Tennessee, V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president. Impeached foe firing Stanton, without following the tenure act.

Front 8

Robert E. Lee

Back 8

Confederate general throughout the whole war; General who led the entire Confederate army, fought many battles. One of his main plans towards the end of the civil war was to wait for a new president to come into office to make peace with. Fought Peninsular Campaign, 2nd battle of Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville (with Jackson), and Gettysburg.

Front 9

Union Advantages

Back 9

Population, manufacturing, mines and other resources, labor pool, railroad network, navy, established government, leadership of Lincoln.

Front 10

Confederacy Advantages

Back 10

Strong military tradition, fight for survival, fine militarily leaders, only had to avoid defeat, fighting on familiar ground, closer to battlefields, Washington on outskirts of Virginia.

Front 11

13th Amendment

Back 11

This amendment freed all slaves without compensation to the slave-owners. It legally forbade slavery in the United States.

Front 12

14th Amendment

Back 12

Passed by congress who feared southerners might someday repeal the hated civil rights law

1. gave civil rights including citizenship to the freedmen.

2. reduced proportionately the representation of a state in congress and in the electoral college if it denied blacks on the ballot.

3. disqualified from federal and state officers former confederates.

4. Guaranteed the federal debt, while the union assumed all. confederate debt.

Front 13

15th Amendment

Back 13

Granted black men right to vote, but not women which upset them.

Front 14

Causes of Fort Sumter

Back 14

The Union only had only two significant forts left in the South. Fort Sumter would fall without supplies being given to it, so Lincoln sent a naval force to Sumter, but the South saw it as reinforcements. The South attacks, and forces surrender from the other fort. Even though the North lost, it provoked the North to a fighting pitch.

Front 15

Advantages of Border States

Back 15

Huge strategic prize in population, and manufacturing capacity; KY and WVA strategic due to Ohio river, and the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers which went into Dixie, where most of the Confederacy's grain, gunpowder, and iron was produced.

Front 16

Foreign Support during the Civil War

Back 16

There was no foreign aid, Britain and France didn't want to help after Uncle Tom's Cabin; Britain turned to India and Egypt for their cotton production.

Front 17

Confederacy War Strategies

Back 17

Fight defensively behind interior lines, fight invaders to a draw and gain independence.

Front 18

Union War Strategies

Back 18

Invade the south, conquer it, and drag it bodily back to the Union.

Front 19

Lincoln's presidential decisions

Back 19

Suspended some freedoms protected by the Constitution, Lincoln proclaimed blockade and increased size of army, suspended habeas corpus, "supervised" voting in the border states, suspended the press, took control of the federal railroad, gave $2 million to 3 citizens to improve army, closed several newspapers, jailed newspaper editors for saying wrong things.

Front 20

The Civil War economy of the North

Back 20

Custom fees and tariff fees major sources of revenue. Passed Morrill Tariff Act, money backed by nations credit not gold, bonds sold to finance war ($2.6 Trillion), National Banking System established to back bonds and provide sound credit (existed until 1913).

Front 21

Battle of the Bull Run

Back 21

First major land battle in the Civil War, showed the North that the war would not be short, and showed the south's large ego. Also if the South lost this battle, slavery would be lost as well.

Front 22

Gettysburg

Back 22

Largest battle in the Civil War and turning point of the Civil War for the North; Where Lincoln made his famous Gettysburg address.

Front 23

Antietam

Back 23

Bloodiest day of the Civil War with 23,000 soldiers killed.

Front 24

Emancipation Proclamation

Back 24

Issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1st, 1863 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free, but only freed slaves in the seceded states, kept slavery in border states. Gave the war a moral tone.

Front 25

African American Soldiers

Back 25

War department refused to accept, but union navy enrolled many blacks, mainly as cooks, stewards, and firemen; But as man power ran low and emancipation was proclaimed, blacks were accepted, about 180,000 served in the Union army; Service offered them to claim their manhood and to strengthen their claim to full citizenship at war's end.

Front 26

Results of the Civil War

Back 26

600,000 died, generation of men lost to war, 13th amendment ended slavery, 14th amendment guaranteed civil rights, U.S. became a singular nation; Power of federal government expanded, banking, judicial system more powerful, government expected to protect rights above state powers; Industrial growth kick started because of war effort; National legal, industrial and governmental institutions came out of war.

Front 27

Effects of emancipation

Back 27

Guaranteed that the South would fight to the end to try to save slavery.

Front 28

Economy of post war south

Back 28

Banks and businesses closed, factories empty, railroad tracks destroyed, farm fields ruined, inflation, uneployement

Front 29

Southerners view of Civil War result

Back 29

They remained dangerously defiant, refused to accept, and wouldn't follow unless forced.

Front 30

Exodusters

Back 30

1870-1880 mass exodus to Kansas

Front 31

Freedman's Bureau

Back 31

Federal agency made in 1865. Early form of welfare. The bureau's focus was to provide food, clothing, education, medical care, administer justice, manage property/labor,and establish schools; But racism ruined it.

Front 32

Lincoln's 10% plan

Back 32

State can reenter the Union when 10% of the voters (in election of 1860) had taken oath of allegiance to the U.S. and pledged to abide by emancipation.

Front 33

Wade-Davis Bill

Back 33

Made by Republicans that were scared that slavery would come back;Bill in 1864 which set forth stringent requirements for Confederate states readmission to the Union ((50% of voters to take the allegiance oath and safegaurds to protect the freed blacks)). Vetoed by President Lincoln who favored a more lenient plan.

Front 34

Black Codes

Back 34

rules (contracts) designed to tie the freed blacks to their white employers so the south still had a work force, said blacks were bound to work for whites for a certain period of time. blacks were also banned from doing certain things (just like slavery)

Front 35

Restrictions of Black codes

Back 35

The laws codified white supremacy by restricting the civic participation of freed people; the codes deprived them of the right to vote, the right to serve on juries, the right to own or carry weapons, and, in some cases, even the right to rent or lease land.

Front 36

Veto of Freedman's Bureau

Back 36

Johnson vetod

Front 37

Feminist views during reconstruction

Back 37

disappointed, because they still could not vote;started their past for equality.

Front 38

End of reconstruction

Back 38

By 1870 all states had met conditions of readmission into the union; when federal troops left states they swiftly went back to old governments and became solidly Democratic.

Front 39

Political corruption during reconstruction

Back 39

present in both North and the south.