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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Captured in one long poem the exuberant and optimistic spirit of popular American democracy
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Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass
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Inspired a widespread spirit or evangelical reform in many areas of American life
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The Second Great Awakening
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Inspired later practitioners of nonviolence like Gandhi and King
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Henry David Thoreau's theory of "civil disobedience"
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The experience of frontier life was especially difficult for
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Women
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p. 297
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Two major sources of European immigration to America in the 1840s and 1850s were
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Germany and Ireland
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p. 300
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As late as 1850, over one-half of the American population was
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Under the age of 30
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P. 297
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The primary economic activity in the Rocky Mountain West before the Civil War was
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Fur-trapping
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p. 298
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Americans came to look on their spectacular western wilderness areas especially as
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One of their distinctive, defining attributes as a new nation
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p. 299
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The American painter who developed the idea for a national park system was (Yellow Park in 1872)
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George Catlin
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p. 299
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One consequence of the influx of new immigrants was
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An upsurge of anti-Catholicism
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p. 306
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Semisecret Irish organization that became a benevolent society aiding Irish immigrants in America
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The Ancient Order of Hibernians
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p. 302
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Liberal German refugees who fled failed democratic revolutions of 1848, and came to America
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German Forty Eighters
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p. 303
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Americans who protested and sometimes rioted against Roman Catholic immigrants
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American "nativists"
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p. 303
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Industrialization was at first slow to arrive in America because
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There was a shortage of labor, capital, and consumers
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p. 306
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The transformation of manufacturing that began in Britain about 1750
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Industrial Revolution
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p. 307
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The first industry to be shaped by the new factory system of manufacturing was
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Textiles
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p. 307
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"Father of the Factory System" in America. Immigrant mechanic who started American industrialization by setting up his cotton-spinning factory in 1791
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Samuel Slater
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p. 310
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Yankee mechanical genius who revolutionized cotton production and created the system of interchangable parts
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Eli Whitney
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p. 310
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Radical, secret Irish labor union of the 1860s and 1870s
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Molly Maguires
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p. 302
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Whitney's invention that enhanced cotton production and gave new life to black slavery
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Cotton Gin
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p. 310
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Principle that permitted individual investors to risk no more capital in a business venture than their own share of a corporation's stock
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Limited Liability
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p. 312
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Inventor of a machine that revolutionized the ready-made clothing industry. (Perfected by Isaac Singer)
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Elias Howe
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p. 312
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Passed in New York (1848); businessmen could create corporations without applying for individual charters from the legislature
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Laws of "free incorporation"
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p. 312
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Painter turned inventor who developed the first reliable system for instant communication across distance
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Samuel F.B. Morse
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p. 312
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Pioneering Masshachusetts Supreme Court decision that declared labor unions legal
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Commonwealth vs. Hunt
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p. 314
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Wages for most American workers rose in the early nineteenth century, except for the most exploited workers like
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Women and Children
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p. 313, 315
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A major change affecting the American family in the early nineteenth century was
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A decline in the average number of children per household
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p. 316
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Morse's invention that provided instant communication across distance
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Telegraph
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p. 312
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Common source of early factory labor, often underpaid, whipped and brutally beaten
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Children
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p. 313
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Working people's organizations, often considered illegal under early American law
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Labor Unions
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p. 314
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McCormick's invention that vastly increased the productivity of the American grain farmer
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Mechanical mower-reaper
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p. 317
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Inventor of the mechanical reaper that transformed grain growing into a business
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Cyrus McCormick
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p. 317
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Produced a steel plow that broke virgin soil.
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John Deere
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p. 317
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The only major highway constructed by the federal government before the Civil War
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Cumberland Road
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p. 318
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Fulton's invention that made river transporation a two-way affair
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Steam engine
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p. 319
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Developer of a "folly" that made rivers two-way streams of transportation
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Robert Fulton
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p. 319
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The first major improvements in the American transportation system were
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Steamboats and highways
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p. 318
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"Clinton's Big Ditch" that transformed transportation and economic life from New York City across the Great Lakes of Chicago
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Erie Canal
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p. 320
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New York governor who built the Erie Canal
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DeWitt Clinton
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p. 320
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Wealthy New York manufacturer who laid the first transatlantic cable in 1858
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Cyrus Field
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p. 325
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Beautiful but short-lived American ships, replaced by British "tramp steamers"
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Clippers
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p. 325
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A major new technological developement that linked America more closely to Europe was
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The transatlantic cable
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p. 325
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One effect of industrialization was
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A rise in the gap betweeen rich and poor
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p. 323
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The new regional "division of labor" created by improved transportation meant that
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The South specialized in cotton, the West in grain and livestock, and the East in manufacturing
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p. 322
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Cause: The open, rough-and-tumble society of the American West
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Effect: Made Americans strongly individualistic and self-reliant
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Cause: Natural population growth and increasing immigration from Ireland and Germany
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Effect: Made the fast-growing United States and the fourth most populous nation in the Western world
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Cause: The poverty and Roman Catholic faith of most Irish immigrants
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Effect: Aroused nativist hostility and occational riots
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Cause: Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin
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Effect: Transformed southern agriculture and gave new life to slavery
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Cause: The passage of general incoporation and limited-liability laws
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Effect: Enabled businesspeople to create more powerful and effective joint-stock capital ventures
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Cause: The early efforts of labor unions to organize and strike
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Effect: Aroused fierce opposition from businesspeople and were often declared illegal
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Cause: Improved western transportation and the new McCormick reaper
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Effect: Encouraged most western farmers to specialize in cach-crop agriculture productions for eastern and European markets
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Cause: The completion of the Erie Canal in 1825
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Effect: Opened the Great Lakes states to rapid growth and spurred the developement of major cities
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Cause: The developement of a strong east-west rail network
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Effect: Bound the two northern sections together accross the mountains and tended to isolate the South
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Cause: The replacement of household production by factory-made, storebought goods
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Effect: Weakened women's economic status and tended to push them into a separate "sphere" of home and family
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_a_First telegraph message-"What hath God wrought?"-is sent from Baltimore to Washington
_b_Industrial revolution begins _c_Telegraph lines are stretched across Atlantic Ocean and North American continent _d_Major water transportation route connects New York City _e_Invention of cotton gin and system of interchangeable parts revoluntionized southern agriculture and nothern industry |
1. b
2. e 3. d 4. a 5. c |
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