Apush: Ch. 10

Front 1

Bill of Rights (1791)

Back 1

popular term for the first ten amendments to the Constitution. The amendments secure key rights for individuals and reserve to the states all powers not explicitly delegated or prohibited by the Constitution

Front 2

Judiciary Act of 1789

Back 2

Organized the federal legal system, establishing the Supreme Court, federal district and circuit courts, the office of the attorney general

Front 3

Funding at par

Back 3

payment of debts, such as government bonds, at face value. In 1790, Alexander Hamilton proposed that the federal government pay its Revolutionary war debts in full in order to bolster the nation's credit

Front 4

assumption

Back 4

transfer of debt from one party to another. In order to strengthen the union, the federal gov. assumed states' Revolutionary War debts in 1790, thereby tying the interests of wealthy lenders with those of the national gov.

Front 5

tariff

Back 5

tax levied on imports. Traditionally, manufacturers support tariffs as protective and revenue-raising measures, while agricultural interests, dependent on world markets, oppose high tariffs

Front 6

excise tax

Back 6

tax on goods produced domestically. Excise taxes, particularly the 1791 tax on whiskey, were a highly controversial component of Alexander Hamilton's financial program

Front 7

Bank of the United States (1791)

Back 7

chartered by Congress as part of Alexander Hamilton's financial program, the bank printed paper money and served as a depository for Treasury funds. It drew opposition from Jeffersonian Republicans, who argued that the bank was unconstitutional.

Front 8

Neutrality Proclamation (1793)

Back 8

Issued by George Washington, it proclaimed America's formal neutraility in the escalating conflict between England and France, a statement that enraged pro-French Jeffersonians

Front 9

Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)

Back 9

Decisive battle between the Miami confederacy and the U.S. Army. British forces refused to shelter the routed Indians, forcing the latter to attain a peace settlement with the US

Front 10

Treaty of Greenville (1795)

Back 10

under the terms of the treaty, the Miami Confederacy agreed to cede territory in the Old Northwest to the US in exchange for cash payment, hunting rights, and formal recognition of their sovereign status

Front 11

Virginia and Kentucky resolutions
(1798-1799)

Back 11

Statements secretly drafted by Jefferson and Madison for the legislatures of Kentucky and Virginia. Argued that states were the final arbiters of whether the federal government overstepped its boundaries and could therefore nullify, or refuse to accept, national legislation they deemed unconstitutional

Front 12

Sedition Act (1798)

Back 12

Enacted by the Federalist Congress in an effort to clamp down on Jeffersonian opposition, the law made anyone convicted of defaming government officials or interfering with government policies liable to imprisonment and a heavy fine. The act drew heavy criticism from Republicans, who let the act expire in 1801.

Front 13

Alien Laws (1798)

Back 13

Acts passed by a Federalist Congress raising the residency requirement for citizenship to fourteen years and granting the presidenct the power to deport dangerous foreigners in times of peace.

Front 14

Convention of 1800

Back 14

Agreement to formally dissolve the United States' treaty with France, originally signed during the Revolutionary War. The difficulties posed by America's peacetime alliance with France contributed to Americans' longstanding opposition to entangling alliances with foreign powers

Front 15

XYZ Affair (1797)

Back 15

Diplomatic conflict between france and the US when American envoys to France were asked to pay a hefty bribe for the privilege of meeting with the French foreign minister. Many in the US called for war against France, while American sailors and privateers waged an undeclared war against French merchants in the Caribbean

Front 16

Farewell Address (1796)

Back 16

George Washington's address at the end of his presidency, warning against "permanent alliances" with other nations. Washington did not oppose all alliances, but believed that the young, fledgling nation should forge alliances only on a temporary basis, in extraordinary circumstances

Front 17

Pinckney's Treaty (1795)

Back 17

signed with Spain which, fearing an Anglo-American alliance, granted Americans free navigation of the Mississippi and the disputed territory of Florida

Front 18

Jay's Treaty (1794)

Back 18

negotiated by Chief Justice John Jay in an effort to avoid war with Britain, the treaty included a British promise to evacuate outposts on US soil and pay damages for seized American vessels, in exchange for which Jay bound the US to repay pre-Revolutionary war debts and to abide by Britain's restrictive trading policies toward France

Front 19

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

Back 19

Popular uprising of whiskey distillers in southwestern Pennsylvania in opposition to an excise tax on whiskey. In a show of strength and resolve by the new central government, Washington put down the rebellion with militia drawn from several states