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29 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Gibbons v. Ogden
The Commerce Clause of the Constitution designated power to Congress to regulate interstate commerce and that the broad definition of commerce included navigation.
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
The Supreme Court did not have original jurisdiction under Article III of the Constitution to hear a suit brought by the Cherokee Nation, which, as an Indian tribe, was not a sovereign nation.
Worcester v. Georgia
States were not permitted to redraw the boundaries of Indian lands or forbid residence in those territories, because the Constitution granted sole authority to Congress to regulate relations with sovereign States. Superior Court of Gwinnett County, Georgia reversed and remanded.
Fletcher v. Peck
The Contracts Clause of the U.S. Constitution prohibited Georgia from voiding contracts for the transfer of land, even though they were secured through illegal bribery. Circuit Court for the District of Massachusetts affirmed.
Dartmouth v. Woodward
The charter granted by the British crown to the trustees of Dartmouth College, in New-Hampshire, in the year 1769, is a contract within the meaning of that clause of the constitution of the United States, (art. 1. s. 10.) which declares that no State shall make any law impairing the obligation of contracts. The charter was not dissolved by the revolution.
Cohens v. Virginia
State laws in opposition to national laws are void. The U.S. Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction for any U.S. case and final say.
Ex parte Milligan
Suspension of habeas corpus is unconstitutional when civilian courts are still operating; the Constitution provided for suspension of habeas corpus only if civilian courts are actually forced closed.
McCulloch v. Maryland
When Maryland attempted to place restrictive taxes on the second bank of the US, the court ruled they (the states) had no right to do this as the Constitution gave only Congress the right to regulate such matters.
Commonwealth v. Hunt
The Court established that trade unions were not necessarily criminal or conspiring organizations if they did not advocate violence or illegal activities in their attempts to gain recognition through striking. This legalized the existence of trade organizations.
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Ruled that people of African descent imported into the United States and held as slaves, or their descendants—whether or not they were slaves—were not legal persons and could never be citizens of the United States. It also held that the United States Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories. The Court also ruled that because slaves were not citizens, they could not sue in court. Lastly, the Court ruled that slaves—as chattel or private property—could not be taken away from their owners without due process.
Wabash v. Illinois (1886)
The Court held that Illinois had violated the Commerce Clause by placing a direct burden on interstate commerce. Under the Commerce Clause only Congress had the power to do so and states could only place indirect burdens on commerce. Led to ICC.
U.S. v. E.C. Knight Company (1895)
Manufacturing is not considered an area that can be regulated by Congress pursuant to the commerce clause. Limited laws to stop monopoly.
In re Debs (1895)
The court ruled that the government had a right to regulate interstate commerce and ensure the operations of the Postal Service, along with a responsibility to "ensure the general welfare of the public."
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
The "separate but equal" provision of public accommodations by state governments is constitutional under the Equal Protection Clause.
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. (1895)
The unapportioned income taxes on interest, dividends and rents imposed by the Income Tax Act of 1894 were, in effect, direct taxes, and were unconstitutional because they violated the rule that direct taxes be apportioned.
Lochner v. New York (1905)
New York's regulation of the working hours of bakers was not a justifiable restriction of the right to contract freely under the 14th Amendment's guarantee of liberty.
Lochner era of SCOTUS
From roughly 1890 to 1937 in which the United States Supreme Court tended to strike down economic regulations mandating certain working conditions or wages, or limiting working hours.
Muller v. Oregon (1908)
Oregon's limit on the working hours of women was constitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment, because it was justified by the strong state interest in protecting women's health. Supreme Court of Oregon affirmed.
Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918)
Congress has no power under the Commerce Clause to regulate labor conditions. (invalidating child labor laws)
Schenck v. U.S. (1919)
Defendant's criticism of the draft was not protected by the First Amendment, because it created a clear and present danger to the enlistment and recruiting practices of the U.S. armed forces during a state of war.
Schecter v. U.S. (1935)
invalidated regulations of the poultry industry according to the nondelegation doctrine and as an invalid use of Congress's power under the commerce clause.
U.S. v. Butler (1936)
The Agricultural Adjustment Act is an unconstitutional exercise of power.
Korematsu v. U.S. (1944)
The exclusion order leading to Japanese American Internment was constitutional.
Ex parte Endo (1944)
The government cannot detain a citizen that the government itself concedes is loyal to the United States.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Segregation of students in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, because separate facilities are inherently unequal. District Court of Kansas reversed.
Yates v. U.S. (1957)
Ruled that the First Amendment protected radical and revolutionary speech, unless it posed a "clear and present danger".
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
State courts are required under the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants unable to afford their own attorneys or lawyers.
U.S. v. Richard M. Nixon (1974)
The Supreme Court does have the final voice in determining constitutional questions; no person, not even the President of the United States, is completely above law; and the president cannot use executive privilege as an excuse to withhold evidence that is 'demonstrably relevant in a criminal trial.'
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
The Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination requires law enforcement officials to advise a suspect interrogated in custody of his rights to remain silent and to obtain an attorney. Arizona Supreme Court reversed and remanded.