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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

2nd Continental Congress

Representative body of delegates from all 13 colonies. Drafted the Declaration of Independence and managed colonial war efforts.

American System

Henry Clay’s three-pronged system to promote American industry. Clay advocated a strong banking system, a protective tariff, and a federally funded transportation network

Anti-Federalists

Opponents to the constitution who deemed the document as antidemocratic, objected to the subordination of the states to the central government, and feared encroachment on individual’s liberties in the absence of a bill of rights.

Bacon's Rebellion

Uprising of Virginia backcountry farmers and indentured servants led by planter Nathaniel Bacon; initially a protest against governor Berkeley’s refusal to protect western settlers from Indians. Evolved into battle between the poor and Plantation elite

Barbados Slave Code

First formal statute governing the treatment of slaves, which denied fundamental rights to slaves and provided for harsh punishment against offending slaves, but lacked penalties for the mistreatment of slaves by masters. Adapted by southern colonies.

Causes of the War of 1812

Impressment, American resentment of British

Federalists

Supporters of the constitution who favored a strong national government, arguing that the checks and balances in the new constitution would safeguard the people’s liberties

House of Burgesses

Virginia assembly that was the First representative assembly in the English colonies

Indentured Servants

Migrants who, in exchange for transatlantic passage, bound themselves to a colonial employer for a term of service. The migration addressed labor shortage and facilitated settlement.

James Madison

Fourth president of the U.S. who was the leader of the nation during the War of1812

Halfway Covenant

Agreement allowing unconverted offspring of church members to baptize their children. It signified a waning religious zeal among second and third generation Puritans

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who established the power of the court through judicial review

John Winthrop

First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who wanted to build a “City upon a hill

John P. Zenger

Newspaper publisher whose trial for publicizing the corruption of N.Y.’s governor was a precursor for freedom of the press

Joint Stock Company

Short term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such arrangements were used to fund England’s early colonial ventures

Land Ordinance of 1785

Provided for the sale of land in the Old Northwest and earmarked the proceeds toward repaying the national debt

Lewis & Clark

Men who led an expedition that explored the Louisiana Purchase

Lexington and Concord

First battles of the Revolutionary War fought outside of Boston. The colonial militia successfully defended their stores of munitions, forcing the British to retreat to Boston.

Marbury vs. Madison

Supreme Court case that established the principle of ‘judicial review’ – the idea that the Supreme Court had the final authority to determine constitutionality

Mayflower Compact

agreement to form a majoritarian government government in Plymouth, signed aboard the Mayflower. Created a foundation for self-government in the colony

Mercantilism

Measured a country's wealth in gold and silver

Missouri Compromise

Congressional compromise that admitted Missouri as a slave state, admitted Maine as a free state, and banned slavery in territories north of the 36-30 line

Monroe Doctrine

Statement delivered by President James Monroe warning European power to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas. The U.S. largely lacked the power to back up the pronouncement, which was actually enforced by the British, who sought unfettered access to Latin American markets.

Proclamation of 1763

Decree issued by Parliament in the wake of Pontiac’s uprising, prohibiting settlement beyond the Appalachians. Contributed to rising resentment of British rule in the American Colonies.

Revolution of 1800

Electoral victory of Democratic Republicans over the Federalists, who lost their Congressional majority and the presidency. The peaceful transfer of power between rival parties solidified faith in America’s political system

Seven Years War

The world’s first global wars that fitted the British and Prussians against the French, Australians, Spanish, and Russians (French and Indian War)

Shay's Rebellion

Armed uprising of western Massachusetts debtors seeking lower taxes and an end to property foreclosures. Though quickly put down, the insurrection inspired fears of ‘mob rule’ among leading Revolutionaries

Sons of Liberty

Patriotic groups that played a central role in agitating against the Stamp Act and enforcing non-importation agreements.

Stamp Act

Widely unpopular tax on an array of paper goods, repealed after mass protests erupted across the colonies. Colonists developed the principle of “no taxation without representation” which questioned Parliament’s authority over the colonies and laid the foundation for future revolutionary claims

Triangular Trade

xchange of rum, slaves, and molasses between the North American Colonies, Africa, and the West Indies. A small but immensely profitable subset of the Atlantic trade

War Hawks

Democratic Republican Congressmen who pressed James Madison to declare war on Britain. Largely drawn from the South and West, the war hawks resented British constraints on American trade and accused the British of supporting Indian attacks against American settlements on the frontier.