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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens to the breast during pregnancy (3)
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Ducts ↑ in size and #
Vascular engorgement Soft/Loose tissue |
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Describe a postmenopausal breast (3)
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Atrophy of glandular tissue
Fatty replacement of parenchyma Less support |
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List 5 Breast Abnormalities
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Nipple Variations
Nipple Discharge Axillary mass/adenopathy Pain:mastalgia MASSES |
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What percentage of women with a FHx of breast cancer do NOT develop the disease?
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75-80%
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What are the top 3 chief complaints of the breast?
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Breast Tenderness
Breast mass/lump Nipple Discharge |
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What are associated symptoms to look for in the Hx?
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Pain
Dimpling Δ in contour Nipple Discharge |
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With nipple discharge, what is the etiology if multiple ducts are involved (esp if bilateral)?
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Hormonal/endocrine
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With nipple discharge, what are the 2 possible (usually local) etiologies of a single duct involvement?
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Intraductal papilloma
Mammary duct ectasia |
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What should you look for if a patient has inappropriate glactorrhea?
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Exclude preggo
Check TSH/Prolactin Meds that increase prolactin (antipsych, diuretics, steroids) |
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Axillary lymphadenopathy is secondary to:
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Distant/local infxn
Systemic Disease Mammary Neoplasm |
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What are the BIG 3 Breast Masses?
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Benign cyst (Discrete, nontender)
Fibroadenoma (Discrete, Tender) Breast Cancer (Diffuse, Tender) |
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What is the most common breast change in women of reproductive age?
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Benign Cysts
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Characterize benign cysts (5)
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Part of fibrocystic process
Cycle with hormones Round/elliptical and freely mobile NO dimple/retraction May be tender |
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What is the most common benign tumor of the female breast?
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Fibroadenoma
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Describe fibroadenoma (5)
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Benign, solid, usually round
Well demarcated, freely mobile Usually nontender Rubbery/firm NO retraction/fixed |
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Approximately how many women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime?
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1 in 8 (if live until 90yo)
~<12% |
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How many men will get breast cancer in their lifetime?
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1 in 1000
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Name the 7 "ominous" physical findings of breast cancer
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1. irregular contour
2. Firm to hard consistency 3. NOT well delineated 4. Nontender 5. Dimpling 6. Retraction 7. Fixation |
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Describe the process of peau d'orange (orange peel appearance).
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Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast
Dermal invasion by breast cancer, involving dermal (skin) lymphatics |
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In which quadrant does most breast cancer occur (~50%)?
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In the upper, outer quadrant
(bc within the tail of spence is the most glandular tissue) |
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What are 4 well known risk factors of breast cancer?
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Age
Female Personal Hx of BC Fam Hx of BC |
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Early menarche (<12), Late menopause (>55), Nulliparity, Late age of first birth of child (>30) are all breast cancer risk factors because they have one thing in common....
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INCREASED menstrual cycles
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Hormone Replacement Therapy is also a risk factor for BC... what aspects of HRT increase this risk?
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Use of alcohol
Long-term use Estrogen AND progesterone use |
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What aspects of proliferative breast disease increase the risk of breast cancer?
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Dense breasts and proliferative changes that induce atypia
***Fibrocystic changes ALONE do not increase risk!*** |
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What are 3 more important risk factors of developing BC (more of lifestyle/exposure issues)?
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Excess weight gain after menopause
Alcohol intake (>3 drinks per week) Ionizing radiation exposure to the chest |
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How many cases of breast cancer have genetic risk factors (BRACA genes)?
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<10%
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What 7 risk factors does the Gail Model utilize to calculate a patients chances of developing breast cancer?
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1. Age
2. Age of Menarche 3. Age at first birth 4. # first degree relatives with breast cancer 5. # of breast biopsies 6. Any biopsy reporting atypia 7. Race |
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Does the gail model take into account if you have a personal Hx of DCIS or LCIS?
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NO!
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What are 5 screening methods of Breast Cancer?
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1. Self-Breast Exam
2. Clinical Breast Exam 3. Mammography 4. Ultrasonography 5. MRI |
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When should a woman get a mammogram?
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After age 40, maybe earlier (~10 years sooner) if a Fam Hx
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