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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How do we acquire knowledge? |
Authority, tradition, experience, intuition, the scientific method |
There are 5 (ATIES) |
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What are the characteristics of researchers? |
Value awareness, skeptical curiosity, sharing, honesty |
There are 5 |
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What are the research roles? |
The researcher consumer |
there are 3 |
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What is the term for 'the philosophy of knowledge or how we come to know'? |
Epistemology
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There is an objective reality that exists apart from the perceptions of those who observe it. The goal of science (and research) is to better understand it |
Positivism |
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What is constructivism? |
Questions the belief of an external reality and emphasizes the importance of exploring the way in which different stakeholders in a social setting construct their beliefs |
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What is EBP in SW?
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The process of posing a question, searching for and evaluating the evidence, and applying the evidence within a client-or policy-specific context |
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Phases of inquiry in science. |
P1-observe and/or measure |
4 phases |
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Begin with detailed observations and move towards more abstract generalizations and ideas-deriving concepts and theory from social reality being studied |
Induction
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Qualitative research |
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Begin with specific hypothesis or premise and test whether it is true or not - applying social theory to social reality under investigation |
Deduction |
Quantitative research |
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What are the 4 stages of critical thinking? |
S1 - understanding S2 - evaluation S3 - reason for evaluation S4 - creative resolution |
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Why is critical appraisal an essential step? |
essential step in the process of putting research into practice |
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How do we form a research question? |
relevance, researchability, feasibility, ethical & cultural acceptability |
there are 5 (RRFEC) |
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Why is literature review important? |
- brings clarity & focus to your research question - prevents duplication of knowledge |
many many reasons |
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What is anonymity? |
survey that collects data from unidentified participant |
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what is confidentiality? |
survey that collects data from identified participant known only to the PI and/or research team |
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Validity |
a measurement is valid if it measures what it is supposed to measure (but has to be ethical) |
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What are possible ethical risks when conducting research? |
1. physical 2. psychological risks 3. social risks 4. economic risks |
there are 4 (PPSE) |
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what is positivist? |
believe that knowledge should be based on what can be tested by observation & through the senses (Empiricism) |
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what is objectivist? |
believe that there is an objective reality that is independent of our senses/perceptions |
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what is snowball sampling? |
a non-probability sampling procedure in which individuals selected for inclusion in a sample are asked to identify other individuals from the population might be included; useful to locate people with divergent points of view. |
ie. prostitution, homeless people, gangs |
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what can provide a measure of concept? |
indicators |
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convenience sampling? or aka accidental/availability |
a non-probability sampling procedure that relies on the closest & most available research participants to constitute a sample |
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what allows a delineation of fine differences, gives consistent yardstick for differences? |
measurement |
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what is a dependent variable? |
influenced by one or more independent variables |
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what is a independent variable? |
factors that have influence on outcome |
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what is purposive sampling? ie. judgmental/theoretical sampling |
non-probability sampling procedure in which research participants with particular characteristics are purposely selected for inclusion in a research sampling |
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quota sampling? |
a non probability sampling procedure in which the relevant characteristics of the sample are identified the proportions of these characteristics in the population is determined and research participants are selected from each category until the predetermined portion has been achieved |
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what is cluster sampling? |
a multistage probability sampling procedure in which the population is divided into groups and the groups rather then the indvi. is selected for inclusion in the sample |
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what is random assignment? |
the process of assigning indiv. to experimental or control groups so that the groups are equal |
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what is random sampling? |
an unbiased selection process conducted so that all members of the population have equal chance of being selected in the research study |
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what are the threats of internal validity? |
- history - maturation - testing - instrumentation error - statistical regression towards the mean - differential selection of research participants - mortality - reactive affect of research participants-Hawthorne effect - interaction effect - relationships btw control grp & exper. grp members |
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what are the threats of external validity? |
- pre test treatment interaction - selection treatment interaction - specificity of variables - reactive effects - multiple treatment interference - research bias |
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4 goals of quantitative research |
1. measurement 2. causality 3. generalization 4. replication |
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4 things required for causality |
1. covariation 2. time ordered 3. non spuriousness 4. rationale |
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4 levels of measurement |
- nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio |
ie. reliability levels |
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What are the 5 criteria for a measurement tool? |
1. Utility 2. Sensitivity to small changes 3. Non reactivity 4. Reliability 5. Validity |
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4 major types of quantitative SW research. |
1. descriptive 2. quantitative-descriptive 3. experimental 4. quasi-experimental |
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what are the objective of quantitative research studies? |
- exploration - instrument/scale development - variable relationships - evaluation |
there are 4 |
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characteristics of the ideal experiment |
1. time order of the indep. variable must be established 2. indep. variable must be manipulated 3. relationship btw the dependent & independent variable must be established 4. research design must control for rival hypotheses 5. at least one control group must be used 6. random assignment procedures must be employed |
there are 6 |
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What is the ideal sample selection for large and small sizes? |
large n > 250, small n < 30 |
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what is internal validity? |
the way in which the research design ensures that the introduction of the independent variable can be identified as the sole cause of change in the dependent variable |
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what is external validity? |
the extent to which the research design allows for generalization of the findings of the study to other groups, other settings or other times |
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What are the different types of group designs? |
- single case design - group designs - exploratory research designs - descriptive research designs - explanatory research designs
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