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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
1)Fibers arranged parallel to length of muscle
2)Produce a greater range of movement than similar sized muscles with pennate arrangement
Parallel muscles
thin and broad, extending from a broad, fibrous origin
Flat
spindle-shaped with a central belly that tapers to tendons on each end
Fusiform
more uniform in diameter with essentially all fibers arranged in a long parallel manner
Strap
triangular or fan-shaped
Radiate
technically endless strap muscles
Sphincter or circular
fibers extend from a tendon on one side
Unipennate
fibers extend on both sides
Bipennate
several tendons with fibers running diagonally between them
Multipennate
property of muscle being sensitive or responsive to chemical, electrical, or mechanical stimuli
Irritability
ability of muscle to contract & develop tension or internal force against resistance when stimulated
Contractility
ability of muscle to be stretched back to its original length following contraction
Extensibility
ability of muscle to return to its original length following stretching
Elasticity
1)pertaining usually to muscles within or belonging solely to body part upon which they act
**Ex. small intrinsic muscles found entirely within the hand
Intrinsic
1)pertaining usually to muscles that arise or originate outside of (proximal to) body part upon which they act
**Ex. forearm muscles that attach proximally on distal humerus and insert on fingers
Extrinsic
specific movement of joint resulting from a concentric contraction of a muscle which crosses joint
Action
segment of nervous system defined as being responsible for providing a stimulus to muscle fibers within a specific muscle or portion of a muscle
Innervation
proximal attachment, generally considered the least movable portion of a muscle or the part that attaches closest to the midline or center of the body
Origin
distal attachment, generally considered the most movable portion of a muscle or the part that attaches farthest from the midline or center of the body
Insertion
1)Tension is developed within muscle but joint angles remain constant
2)Static action
3)Significant amount of tension may be developed in muscle to maintain joint angle in relatively static or stable position
Isometric action
involves muscle developing tension to either cause or control joint movement
Isotonic actions
1)Dynamic actions
2)The varying degrees of tension in muscles cause joint angles to change
3)Two types
Concentric - muscle shortening
Eccentric - muscle lengthening
Isotonic actions
muscle shortening
Concentric
muscle lengthening
Eccentric
do not require or involve muscle activation to cause joint movment
Passive actions
1)muscle develops tension as it shortens
2)occurs when muscle develops enough force to overcome applied resistance
3)causes movement against gravity or resistance
4)described as being a positive action
Concentric action
a type of dynamic exercise using concentric and/or eccentric muscle contractions
1)the speed (or velocity) of movement is constant
2)muscular contraction (ideally maximum contraction) occurs throughout movement
Isokinetic action
1)cause joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting concentrically
2)known as primary or prime movers, or muscles most involved
Agonist muscles
1)located on opposite side of joint from agonist
2)have the opposite concentric action
3)known as contralateral muscles
4)work in cooperation with agonist muscles by relaxing and allowing movement
5)when contracting concentrically perform the opposite joint motion of agonist
Antagonist muscles
1)surround joint or body part
2)contract to fixate or stabilize the area to enable another limb or body segment to exert force & move
3)known as fixators
4)essential in establishing a relatively firm base for the more distal joints to work from when carrying out movements
Stabilizers
1)assist in action of agonists
2)not necessarily prime movers for the action
3)known as guiding muscles
4)assist in refined movement & rule out undesired motions
Synergist