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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1)Fibers arranged parallel to length of muscle
2)Produce a greater range of movement than similar sized muscles with pennate arrangement |
Parallel muscles
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thin and broad, extending from a broad, fibrous origin
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Flat
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spindle-shaped with a central belly that tapers to tendons on each end
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Fusiform
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more uniform in diameter with essentially all fibers arranged in a long parallel manner
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Strap
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triangular or fan-shaped
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Radiate
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technically endless strap muscles
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Sphincter or circular
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fibers extend from a tendon on one side
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Unipennate
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fibers extend on both sides
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Bipennate
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several tendons with fibers running diagonally between them
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Multipennate
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property of muscle being sensitive or responsive to chemical, electrical, or mechanical stimuli
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Irritability
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ability of muscle to contract & develop tension or internal force against resistance when stimulated
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Contractility
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ability of muscle to be stretched back to its original length following contraction
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Extensibility
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ability of muscle to return to its original length following stretching
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Elasticity
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1)pertaining usually to muscles within or belonging solely to body part upon which they act
**Ex. small intrinsic muscles found entirely within the hand |
Intrinsic
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1)pertaining usually to muscles that arise or originate outside of (proximal to) body part upon which they act
**Ex. forearm muscles that attach proximally on distal humerus and insert on fingers |
Extrinsic
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specific movement of joint resulting from a concentric contraction of a muscle which crosses joint
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Action
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segment of nervous system defined as being responsible for providing a stimulus to muscle fibers within a specific muscle or portion of a muscle
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Innervation
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proximal attachment, generally considered the least movable portion of a muscle or the part that attaches closest to the midline or center of the body
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Origin
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distal attachment, generally considered the most movable portion of a muscle or the part that attaches farthest from the midline or center of the body
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Insertion
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1)Tension is developed within muscle but joint angles remain constant
2)Static action 3)Significant amount of tension may be developed in muscle to maintain joint angle in relatively static or stable position |
Isometric action
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involves muscle developing tension to either cause or control joint movement
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Isotonic actions
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1)Dynamic actions
2)The varying degrees of tension in muscles cause joint angles to change 3)Two types Concentric - muscle shortening Eccentric - muscle lengthening |
Isotonic actions
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muscle shortening
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Concentric
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muscle lengthening
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Eccentric
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do not require or involve muscle activation to cause joint movment
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Passive actions
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1)muscle develops tension as it shortens
2)occurs when muscle develops enough force to overcome applied resistance 3)causes movement against gravity or resistance 4)described as being a positive action |
Concentric action
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a type of dynamic exercise using concentric and/or eccentric muscle contractions
1)the speed (or velocity) of movement is constant 2)muscular contraction (ideally maximum contraction) occurs throughout movement |
Isokinetic action
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1)cause joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting concentrically
2)known as primary or prime movers, or muscles most involved |
Agonist muscles
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1)located on opposite side of joint from agonist
2)have the opposite concentric action 3)known as contralateral muscles 4)work in cooperation with agonist muscles by relaxing and allowing movement 5)when contracting concentrically perform the opposite joint motion of agonist |
Antagonist muscles
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1)surround joint or body part
2)contract to fixate or stabilize the area to enable another limb or body segment to exert force & move 3)known as fixators 4)essential in establishing a relatively firm base for the more distal joints to work from when carrying out movements |
Stabilizers
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1)assist in action of agonists
2)not necessarily prime movers for the action 3)known as guiding muscles 4)assist in refined movement & rule out undesired motions |
Synergist
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