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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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One of the purposes of acid etching is to remove what layer?
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smear layer
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Originally, before acid etching, what was the main reason that bonds with composite and the teeth were so weak?
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The smear layer interfered with proper bonding
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True or False, leaving the smear layer intact will result in the weakest bond per material?
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True
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Why was etching dentin not used in the past?
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People feared that it could damage the underlying pulp
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True or False, we still rarely etch dentin today
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False!
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Today, we will etch both enamel and dentin and this is known as what? (___ ___ technique)
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total-etch technique
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About how much of the dentin should demineralize? (the top _-_ microns)
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the top 3-5 microns
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True or False, acid etching will practically destroy all collagen fibers on contact
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False, it leaves them behind
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True or False, dentin is more susceptible to over-etching than enamel
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True
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With dentin (compared to enamel) we should do the following:
1. Use a (more/less) vigorous acid 2. Use a (higher/lower) concentration of the same acid 3. Use a (shorter/longer) duration of application of the acid 4. Use a different kind of acid (Give 2 examples) |
less, lower, shorter, maleic or acid modified monomer
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What is the purpose of the colloidal silica/ polymer beads in acid?
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help retain etchant locally
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Why should acid etchant be agitated occasionally?
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To bring fresh etchant to the tooth surface and allow uniform etching
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Which of the following methods should be used to remove acid from tooth surface?
A. Wipe off dry with cotton roll B. Rinse off with water C. Blow off with air D. Let it evaporate from the surface E. All of these are acceptable methods |
B. Rinse with water
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Do gel or liquid etchants penetrate pits and fissures more effectively?
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liquid
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What happens to the collagen fibers immediately after the acid etchant has been applied and removed?
A. They collapse and lie flat B. They are dissolved in acid etch step C. They become rigid and stand stiff D. They are cut off in the same plane as the tooth surface E. All of the above occur randomly |
A. They collapse and lie flat
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What is the purpose of the "wet-bonding" technique used in priming dentin?
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To make the collagen fibers (that have collapsed) stand on end so the resin will be able to flow past them to the dentin surface
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What monomer is commonly used in the priming step?
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HEMA (hydroxyethylmethacrylate)
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Dentin is overall hydro(phobic/philic) and the resin is overall hydro(phobic/philic)
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dentin = hydrophilic; resin = hydrophobic
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What is the thickness needed (in the hybrid layer) to achieve adequate bonding?
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3-5 microns
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The adhesive resin is applied after which step?
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priming
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At what point is the tooth first to be light cured?
A. After cutting the prep B. After acid etching C. After priming D. After placing adhesive resin E. After the entire restoration is created |
D. After placing adhesive resin (note: this is AFTER step A, B and C are completed in order as well)
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After we light cure the adhesive resin, what is the name of the layer formed?
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hybrid-layer
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Which is applied first, the adhesive resin or the restorative resin?
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adhesive resin
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Light-activation allows (chemical/mechanical) bonding to occur between adhesive resin, primer, dentin surface, and collagen fibers
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mechanical
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What type of molecule is present in the adhesive resin that allow it to properly bind to the restorative resin?
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methacrylate groups
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Put the following steps in order
A light cure (USE TWICE) B primer C acid etch D restorative resin E adhesive resin F drill preparation G rinse/dry surface |
F, C, G, B, E, A, D, A
A light cure (USE TWICE) B primer C acid etch D restorative resin E adhesive resin F drill preparation G rinse/dry surface |
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True or False, restorative resin is held to the tooth by forming a MICROMECHANICAL bond with the HYBRID LAYER
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True
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The following describes which generation of dentin bonding resin?
-Developed in 70's -Single component bifunctional coupling resins that were methacrylate based -Developed by Dr. Buonocore and Bowen -Supposed to bond to Calcium -Left smear layer intact -2 MPa bond strength |
1st generation
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The first generation did what to the smear layer?
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nothing, left it there
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What was the typical bond strength for a first generation product?
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2 MPa
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First generation products were developed when?
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1970's
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The following describes which generation of dentin bonding resin?
-Phosphonate-based resin with Bis-GMA -Developed in early 1980's -Good enamel bonders -Bond strengths of 8MPa |
2nd generation
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2nd generation products were developed when?
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early 1980's
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2nd generation products had what kind of bond strength?
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8 MPa
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True or False, 2nd generation products showed little bonding improvement over 1st generation products
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False, 2nd gen were much better at bonding, esp. to enamel.
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The following describes which generation of dentin bonding resin?
-Oxalate-based resin (NTG-GMA, PMDM) -Developed mid/late 1980's by Dr. Bowen -Modified and selectively removed smear layer -Bond strengths of 8-15 MPa |
3rd generation
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3rd generation products had a bond strength of what?
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8-15 MPa
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What was the first generation to modify or remove the smear layer?
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3rd
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3rd generation products were developed when?
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mid-late 1980's
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3rd generation products used how many components in their system?
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2 (conditioner and primer)
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The following describes which generation of dentin bonding resin?
-hydrophilic primers and resins -total-etch technique -hybrid layer first created -early 1990's -bonded to teeth, ceramic, porcelain, and metal -17-25 MPa |
4th generation
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What was the first generation that could bond to metals, porcelain, and ceramics as well as tooth structure?
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4th
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What was the bond strength in the 4th generation products?
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17-25MPa
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When were 4th gen products created?
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early 1990's
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The 4th generation was the first to create what layer that is considered critical in bonding today?
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hybrid layer
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The following describes which generation of dentin bonding resin?
-mid 1990's -primer/adhesive in one bottle -Lower bond strength than previous generation -more post-operative sensitivity issues |
5th generation
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Which of these had better bond strengths, 4th or 5th generation?
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4th
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Which of these is more technique sensitive, 4th or 5th generation?
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5th
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What is the bond strength in 5th gen products?
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15-25 MPa
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Which generation was developed in the mid 90's?
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5th
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The following describes which generation of dentin bonding resin?
-late 90's -are of two types (type 2 combines etchant, primer, adhesive resin) -no long-term result studies -bond strengths similar to previous generation -water solvent -18-23 MPa |
6th generation
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6th generation was developed in the late 19__'s and has an avg bond strength range of __-__ MPa
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90's, 18-23
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The following describes which generation of dentin bonding resin?
-early 2000's -combine etchant, primer, and adhesive resin -no long-term studies -polymerized with LED or PAC lights -18-28 MPa |
7th generation
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What is the most current generation of dentin bonding resins?
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7th
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The 7th generation has what range of bond strengths?
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18-28MPa
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When was the 7th generation product created?
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early 2000's
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True or False, the 7th generation product dissolves the smear layer
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True
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True or False, the 7th generation product is considered safe for uncut enamel
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False, do NOT use on uncut enamel!
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Does the following description describe acetone or ethanol/water solvent?
-drives water away -better wettability and penetration of tubules -evaporates quickly -sensitive to dentin wetness -multiple coats needed |
acetone
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Does the following description describe acetone or ethanol/water solvent?
-must be dried completely (needs EXTRA drying time) -evaporates less quickly than the other solvent -less sensitive to dentin wetness -thin film form, requires vigorous rubbing |
ethanol/water
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Which solvent (ethanol/water or acetone) evaporates faster?
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acetone
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Which solvent (ethanol/water or acetone) has better wettability?
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acetone
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Which solvent (ethanol/water or acetone) requires vigorous rubbing?
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ethanol/water
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Which solvent (ethanol/water or acetone) must be dried completely?
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ethanol/water
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True or False, not using a solvent can lower the bond strength?
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True
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What is needed for ionization of acidic resin monomer?
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water
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What solvent is not sensitive to the wetness of dentin?
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water
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What is the risk with using water as the solvent in terms of etching?
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It can lead to over-etching because it interferes with polymerization and thus unpolymerized monomer may continue to etch dentin (thus, lower bond strengths)
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Which generation of products has 2 different types? What is the main difference between the two types?
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6th generation; Type 1 combines priming/etching and leaves sealing as a separate step; Type 2 combines them all but requires MIXING
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Which generation of products also disinfects?
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7th
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True or False, 7th generation products require no mixing
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True
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Which generations are considered to be self-etching adhesives?
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6th (type 2), 7th
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What type of restorative material most closely mimics the expansion and contraction of tooth material?
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glass ionomer
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When light-cured, resin tends to (shrink/expand)
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shrink (polymerization shrinkage!)
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Molecules with the M-R-X structure are used as ___ agents in amalgam bonding systems
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coupling
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Results of controlled clinical trials to amalgam bonding are (good/mixed/poor)
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mixed
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True or False, 4-META is an example of a molecule with a M-R-X structure?
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True
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Enamel and dentin of primary teeth are (thinner/thicker), (more/less) mineralized, and (more/less) reactive to etching
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thinner, less, more
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Pulp chambers of primary teeth are (larger/smaller) and (closer to/further from) outer surface of teeth
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larger (tricky!), closer to
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The cervical enamel rods in PRIMARY teeth slope (occlusally/gingivally) and end where?
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occlusally, cervix
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True or False, in vitro studies show that bonding to primary or permanent dentin and enamel shows very similar strength
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True
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What in the dental bonding system can cause skin dermatitis?
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monomers
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True or False, dental bonding systems are inherently antibacterial
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False (steps are underway to make this happen)
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You want (higher/lower) viscosity when dealing with pits and fissures
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lower (so it flows in better)
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Properties of sealants are closer to which of these: unfilled restorative resin or filled restorative resin?
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unfilled
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The goal of sealants is to "seal" against what?
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microbial attack
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