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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What does pectoral girdle consist of?
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scapula and clavicle bones
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What connects the upper limb to rib cage?
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pectoral girdle
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what does pectoral girdle connects the limbs to?
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axial skeleton
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What does it mean when you have more freely moveable joints? hint: shoulder vs. hip joint
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the less stability you have
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The clavicle consists of?
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sternal end and acromial end
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What is sternal end?
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part of clavicle and attaches to sternum
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What is acromial end?
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part of clavicle and articulates with acromial process of scapula
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What is the glenoid cavity?
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where humerus attaches
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What does scapula consist of?
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1.Superior Border
2. Medial Border 3. Lateral border 4. Glenoid Cavity 5. Subscapular Fossa 6. Coracoid process 7. Acromion -Acromioclavicular joint 8. Spine - Supraspinous fossa (above) -Infraspinous fossa (below) |
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what is subscapular fossa?
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it's a rotator cuff muscle
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What is glenoid cavity?
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where the humerus articulate with the scapula to form true shoulder joint
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What is coracoid process?
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limits dislocation superiorly
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what is the acromion?
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articulates with the clavicle
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What does the humerus consist of and brief description of it?
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1. bone of brachium
2. Head (articulate with glenoid fossa) 3. Greater & Lesser tubercles (attachment for muscles) 4. Epicondyles (attachment muscles for the forearm) 5 Condyles (articulate with ulna and radius 6.Trochlea (articulate with the ulna from the base of coronoid fossa and olecranon; trochlea is what olecranon of the ulna is going to wrap around) 7. Coronoid fossa (coronoid process of the ulna goes into arm flexion) 8. Olecranon fossa 9. Capitulum |
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What is Intertubercular groove?
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between greater and lesser tubercles
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what does the radius consist of?
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1. lateral bone of forearm
2. head of radius 3. styloid process |
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What does the ulna consist of?
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1. Olecranon
2. Trochlear notch (act as a hinge for extension and flexion of the forearm; articulates with the trochlea of the humerus at elbow) 3. Styloid process |
u shape
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what is trochlear notch?
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a hinge for flexion and extension of the forearm
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What is olecranon?
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point of the elbow
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What are the characteristics of the Pelvis?
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1. Transfers weight from appendicular skeleton to the lower limb
2.Fusion of 3 bones ( approx 15 to 17 yrs) -Ilium -Ischium -Pubis 3. acetabulum (fusion of all three bones) |
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What are the characteristics of the Ilium?
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1. Articulates with sacrum (lateral of sacrum articulates with medial ilium)
2. Ligaments attach to the vertebral column (sacrospinous ligament) 3. Body 4. Ala (articulate with wings of the sacrum) -Fossa (home of the muscle) -Greater Sciatic Notch (sciatic nerves exits the pelvis) -Gluteal Lines 5. Crest (hipbone) -Ant. Sup. Iliac Spine = “hip bone” |
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What is the acetabulum?
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the ball and socket joint of the hip; the ilium, ischium, and pubis all fused in the acetabulum; articulate with head of femur
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What are the difference between male and female pelvis?
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women
-ala sticks out farther; hips wider -pelvic inlet is wider -broader pubic angle -release a hormone called relaxin to increase the size of the pelvic inlet and outlet |
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what are the characteristics of ishium?
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1. Posterior and inferior portion of pelvic girdle
2. L shaped bone |
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what are the characteristics of pubis?
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1. Anterior region of the pelvic girdle
2. L shaped bone 3. Body + 2 rami -Superior Ramus & Inferior ramus |
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What is pubic symphysis?
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when you put two halves of the pelvic together to form pubis and contain fibrocartilaginous joint that doesn't move
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What is pubic tubercle?
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anterior to pubic symphysis; running from anterior and superior iliac spine of the pubic tubercle has the major ligament calledcontain
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what makes up the obturator foramen?
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ishcium and pubis
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What are the characteristics of femur?
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Thigh Bone
1. Articulates inferiorly with tibia (wt bearing) & patella 2. Head articulates with acetabulum |
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what are the major landmarks of femur?
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1. Trochanters
2. Intertrochanteric Crest 3. Gluteal Tuberosity 4. Condyles |
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What are the major landmarks of ishium?
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1. Ischial Tuberosity (butt bone; hamstring originate on it:
2. Ramus |
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What are the major landmarks of pubis?
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-Pubic symphysis
-Pubic tubercle -Obturator foramen |
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What is a trochanter?
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part of femur; have greater and lesser trochanter; large attachment for muscles; greater trochanter sits laterally
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What are the characteristics of the tibia?
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1. Medial bone of lower leg
2. Weight bearing bone 3. Proximal portion articulates with the condyles of femur |
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What are the major landmarks of tibia?
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1. Condyles & intercondylar eiminence
2. Tibial tuberosity 3. Medial malleolus |
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What is intercondylar eminance?
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it helps deepen the joints so that there are stability on the lateral/medial motion
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What is tibial tuberosity?
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the bump you feel right below your knee; it's the major attachment point for quadricep muscles
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What is medial malleolus?
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the bump on your ankle bone
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what are the characteristics of the fibula?
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1. Posterior & lateral to Tibia
2. Not weight bearing 3. Lateral malleolus |
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What are the characteristics of the foot?
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1. Tarsal (ankle bone)
2. Metatarsals (foot bone) 3. Phalanges (toes) |
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What are the characteristics of articulation?
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1. Only place where movement can occur
2. Where two bones meet |
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Articulations are based on 2 things. What are they?
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1. Based on movement
2. Based on connections |
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what are the three types of classification of movement?
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1. Immovable
-synarthroses - together joint (fused) 2. Slightly Moveable amphiarthrosis 3. Freely Moveable (elbow, shoulder, clavicle) -diarthrosis -synovial joints |
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What are synarthroses?
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Often bony, fibrous or cartilaginous joints; immovable joints
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What are the types synarthroses?
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1. Sutures (fiber joint)
2. Gomphoses -teeth to sockets (bolt-like joint (teeth) 3. Synchondroses (1st rib to sternum, rigid cartilaginous connection) |
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What are amphiarthroses?
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slightly moveable joints;Often cartilagionous joints and/or fibrous joints; connected by cartilage or ligaments
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What are the types of amphiarthroses?
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1. Syndesmosis (bottoms attach to 2 bones, tibia-fibula)
2. Symphysis -pubic symphysis -between vertebra -shoulder joint |
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What are diarthroses?
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freely moveable joints; less stable; Permit wide range of motion; Bones separated by fluid filled cavity; Most common joints
Surrounded by an articular capsule (holds fluid) |
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what are the structure of synovial joint?
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1. Fibrous Capsule
2. Synovial Membrane 3. Articular Cartilage 4. Ligaments 5. Tendons 6. Bursae |
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What are synovial fluid?
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1. resembles interstitial fluid
2. Fibroblasts secrete proteoglycans (slippery) |
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What are the functions of synovial fluid?
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1. Lubrication(act like a sponge)
2. Nutrient distribution (cartilage =avascular) 3. Shock absorption |
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What are the factors that strength and stabilize a joint?
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1. Collagen fibers of joint capsule (dense regular line up to stand force)
-Accessory ligaments (inside or outside cavity) 2. Shape of articulating surfaces 3. Other bones, skeletal muscles, or fat pads limit motion 4. Tension in the muscle tendons (#1 stabilizing force) surrounding joint |
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What are the functions of synovial fluid?
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1. Lubrication(act like a sponge)
2. Nutrient distribution (cartilage =avascular) 3. Shock absorption |
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What are the factors that strength and stabilize a joint?
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1. Collagen fibers of joint capsule (dense regular line up to stand force)
-Accessory ligaments (inside or outside cavity) 2. Shape of articulating surfaces 3. Other bones, skeletal muscles, or fat pads limit motion 4. Tension in the muscle tendons (#1 stabilizing force) surrounding joint |
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