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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Identify this photo.
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Neuron |
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What is a synapse?
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A gap between the axon of a neuron and the receiving cell. This is the point at which a signal from one neuron is passed to another neuron.
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What are neuroglia? |
Cells that support the neurons by performing various tasks and help them communicate with each another. |
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What are dendrites? |
These are like electric wires, and conduct electrical signals toward the cell body.
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What are axons? |
These are like electric wires, and conduct electrical signals away from the cell body.
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What are nerves? |
Bundles of axons that carry signals to and from the brain.
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Define Peripheral nervous system. |
It is made of all the nerves that run from the spinal cord. It receives information from the rest of the body and sends it on to the spinal cord and brain.
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What is the cerebrum? |
Deals with the "higher-level" brain functions. These would include interpreting signals, learning, reasoning, and memory. |
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What is your gray matter? |
Composed almost exclusively of the cell bodies of neurons.
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What are neurons? |
The "circuit chips" of the brain, where the real work of the brain occurs. They are nerve cells composed of dendrites and axons. |
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Identify the gap between the two nerve cells. |
A synapse |
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What are Neurotransmitters? |
The are chemicals that travel across the synapse, and transmit a signal from the end of an axon to a receiving cell. |
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What is the myelin sheath? |
It is a fatty insulator that covers the axon and speeds up the rate at which an electrical signal can travel down it. |
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What 'organs' or parts make up the central nervous system? |
The brain and the spinal cord. |
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What is the job of your central nervous system? |
It processes the information received by the rest of the body. |
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What is the corpus callosum? |
It allows the two halves of your brain to communicate. |
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What does the cerebellum do? |
It controls the movement of voluntary muscles. |
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What does the cerebrum do? |
It controls most high-level thinking skills, such as reasoning. |
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What is the sympathetic division? |
It's the part of your nervous system that speeds up your heart rate. |
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What is the parasympathetic division? |
It's the part of your nervous system that slows the heart rate. |
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What are the 3 main divisions of your PNS (peripheral nervous system)? |
1. The autonomic nervous system 2. The sensory nervous system 3. The stomatic motor nervous system |
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What is the autonomic nervous system? |
It the system of nerves that carries instructions from the CNS to all the 'automatic' functions of your body (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, etc.). |
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What is the sensory nervous system? |
The system of nerves that carries information from the body's receptors (taste, touch, site, smell, hearing) to the CNS. |
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What is the stomatic motor nervous system? |
The system of nerves that carries instructions from the CNS to the skeletal muscles. |
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What are the 2 parts of the autonomic (automatic) nervous system? |
1. The sympathetic division (increase heart) 2. The parasympathetic division (decrease it) |
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What is your gustatory sense? |
It's your sense of taste. (Think: gastric juice) |
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What are papillae? |
Taste buds |
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What are the 5 taste sensations we experience? |
1. sweet 2. salty 3. sour 4. bitter 5. umami |
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What is umami? |
It is the fifth taste sensation. It means 'savory,' and senses amino acids. |
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What are olfactory sensory cells? |
They give you you sense of smell. |
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What is the limbic system? |
The part of the brain that deals with memories and emotions. |
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Which of your senses are part of the limbic system, connected to your memories and emotions? |
The sense of smell. |
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Cornea, retina, lens, pupil are all parts of which sensory organ? |
Your eyes. |
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Which sense extends over your entire body? |
Your sense of touch. |
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What is the somatic sense? |
Your sense of touch. |
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Name a biblical disease that can destroy your somatic sense. |
leprosy |
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Which of your senses includes the cochlea, ossicles, a drum and a canal? |
your sense of hearing. |
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What percentage of the brain does the average person use? |
100%! (The 10% idea is a myth.) |
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Which part of the ear converts the rocking motion of the ossicles into electrical signals that the brain interprets as sound? |
the cochlea |
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In what sensory organ do you find the ciliary muscle, and what does it do? |
It's in your eye, and it deform the lens in the eye to adjust your focus. |
