Apologia General Science Module 1 Study Guide

Front 1

Science: An endeavor dedicated to the accumulation and _____ of observable _____ in order to formulate general _____ about the _____ world.

Back 1

classification, facts, laws, natural

Front 2

Papyrus: An ancient form of _____ made from a _____ of the same name.

Back 2

paper, plant

Front 3

Spontaneous generation: The idea that _____ organisms can be _____ formed from _____ substances.

Back 3

living, spontaneously, non-living

Front 4

Three lessons from science history:

1. Support scientific ideas on _____ not the _____ who back them.

2. Scientific progress depends on _____ and _____, not just scientists.

3. Scientific progress typically builds on the work of previous _____.

Back 4

1. evidence, people

2. government and culture

3. scientists

Front 5

Who was Imhotep?

Back 5

Imhotep was an ancient Egyptian doctor.

Front 6

Why are ancient Egyptians not considered scientists, despite their advanced medical practices?

Ancient Egyptians never used their _____ to explain the world around them--only _____ and _____. True science requires observation and _____.

Back 6

observations, trial, error, explanation

Front 7

Who were Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes?

Ancient _____ among the first _____.

Back 7

Greeks, scientists

Front 8

Leucippus and his student, Democritus, are remembered for their idea that all matter is composed of _____.

Back 8

atoms

Front 9

_____ championed the idea of spontaneous generation and is responsible for it being believed for so long.

Back 9

Aristotle

Front 10

_____ came up with the idea of the first classification system for living creatures.

Back 10

Aristotle

Front 11

The _____ is the center of of the universe, and the planets and stars revolve around it.

Geocentric says _____.

Heliocentric says _____.

Which is correct?

Back 11

Geocentric: earth

Heliocentric: sun, and correct

Front 12

The main goal of the alchemists was to turn _____ into _____.

Back 12

lead, gold

Front 13

We don't consider alchemists to be scientists because their approach was strictly _____ and _____.

Back 13

trial and error

Front 14

The main reason science progressed near the end of the Dark Ages was because the _____ worldview began to replace the _____ worldview.

Back 14

Christian, Roman

Front 15

The _____ worldview viewed their gods as unpredictable--thus why study an unpredictable world; the _____ worldview viewed God as not only predictable but orderly--so studying creation revealed the Creator.

Back 15

Roman, Christian

Front 16

_____ is considered the first scientist. He deserves that honor because he was the first to use the _____ _____.

Back 16

Grosseteste, scientific method

Front 17

Two great scientific works produced in 1543:

_____, about the arrangement of the stars and planets in space; and

_____, about the human body.

Back 17

Copernicus, Vesalius

Front 18

_____ was forced to recant his belief in the heliocentric system by the Roman Catholic Church.

Back 18

Galileo

Front 19

Galileo built a _____ to gather information about the _____ and their motion.

Back 19

telescope, planets

Front 20

At least 3 accomplishments of Sir Isaac Newton:

1. Laid down the laws of _____.

2. Developed a universal law of _____.

3. Invented _____.

4. Wrote many _____ commentaries.

5. Showed _____ light is composed of many colors.
6. Redesigned the _____.

Back 20

1. motion

2. gravity

3. calculus

4. Bible

5. white

6. telescope

Front 21

The Enlightenment revolutionized the scientific method. Good because it stopped relying on the _____ of past great scientists. And bad because it moved away from the authority of the _____.

Back 21

authority, Bible

Front 22

Lavoisier's greatest contribution to science was his Law of Mass _____--a law which states that matter cannot be _____ or destroyed, it only changes forms.

Back 22

Conservation, created

Front 23

John Dalton is remembered for the first detailed _____ theory, building on the ideas of Democritus and others.

Back 23

atomic

Front 24

Charles _____ is best known for his book, Origin of the _____ and the theory of _____.

Back 24

Darwin, Species, evolution

Front 25

The "_____ of the species" is the mistaken idea that living creatures cannot change; _____ showed that this notion was wrong.

Back 25

immutability, Darwin

Front 26

Gregor _____ is remembered for his work on how _____ are passed on during reproduction, also known as _____.

Back 26

Mendel, traits, genetics

Front 27

James Clerk _____ is known as the founder of modern _____--the branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy.

Back 27

Maxwell, physics

Front 28

James _____ came up with the First Law of _____--a guiding principle in the study of energy.

Back 28

Joule, Thermodynamics

Front 29

The fundamental assumption behind quantum mechanics is that _____ comes in small packets called "quanta," first proposed by Max _____.

Back 29

energy, Planck

Front 30

Niels Bohr is remembered for his _____ description of the _____.

Back 30

mathematical, atom

Front 31

Einstein was one of the founders of the _____ mechanical revolution He also is famous for the special theory of relativity, explaining that matter is really just another form of _____--e=mc(squared). And his general theory of relativity explaining how _____ works.

Back 31

quantum, energy, gravity