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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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polyatomic ions
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Ions which are formed when a group of atoms gains or loses electrons.
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What is the formula for:
ammonium |
NH^4+
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What is the formula for:
hydroxide |
OH-
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What is the formula for:
chlorate |
ClO^3-
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What is the formula for:
chlorite |
ClO^2-
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What is the formula for:
nitrate |
NO^3-
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What is the formula for:
nitrite |
NO^2-
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What is the formula for:
acetate |
C^2H^3O^2-
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What is the formula for:
cyanide |
CN-
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What is the formula for:
carbonate |
CO^3*2-
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What is the formula for:
chromate |
CrO^4*2-
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What is the formula for:
dichromate |
Cr^2O^7*2-
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What is the formula for:
sulfate |
SO^4*2-
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What is the formula for:
sulfite |
SO^3*2-
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What is the formula for:
phosphate |
PO^4*3-
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tetrahedron
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One of the fundamental shapes that a molecule can attain. (Think: CH^4 in three dimensional form)
In this shape, the bonds are 109 degrees apart. |
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VSEPR theory
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion |
Theory states that molecules will attain whatever shape keeps the valence electrons of the central atom as far apart from one another as possible.
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pyramidal shape
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The top of the three-dimensional shape has a pair of non-bonded electrons...so there is no "stick" going straight up. Thus, it looks like a pyramid and in this shape, the legs are slightly closer together because the non-bonding electron pair tends to repel the bonds just a little more than the bonds repel one another. As a result, the bonds stay a little farther away from the non-bonding electron pair and a little closer to one another. Thus, the bond angle in this case is about 107°.
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bent shape
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Two non-bonding electron pairs mean that the three-dimensional structure has only two bonds. Non-bonding electron pairs tend to repel more than bonding electron pairs. As a result, the two bonds (in, say, a water molecule) are closer together than they would be in a tetrahedron or a pyramidal shape, so the bond angle is about 105°.
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