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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe where the protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an atom.
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protons & neutrons cluster together at the center - which is called the NUCLEUS
electrons orbit around the nucleus |
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What determines the vast majority of characteristics in an atom?
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The # of ELECTRONS (or protons) in an atom determines the vast majority of its characteristics.
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What does the number after an atom's name signify?
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the SUM of protons and neutrons in the atom's nucleus
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What is the difference between an element and an atom?
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an ELEMENT contains all atoms that have the same # of protons (and so therefore the same # of electrons) regardless of the # of neutrons.
An ATOM is a single entity - determined by the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons. |
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How many ELECTRONS are in an atom that has 32 protons?
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32 ELECTRONS
(atoms have the same # of ELECTRONS and PROTONS |
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Is H2CO3 - an atom, element, or molecule?
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MOLECULE - becuase it has several atoms linked together
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Is nitrogen - 14 - an atom, element, or molecule?
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ATOM becuase it specifies number of neutrons and protons
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Is P - an atom, element, or molecule?
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ELEMENT - because it is by itself but does not specify the number of neutrons and protons
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If you add energy to the molecules of a liquid, will it turn into a gas or a solid?
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the liquid will turn to gas
(to turn it into a solid, you must take energy from it.) |
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A chemist wants to study diffusion. Should a semipermeable membrance be used?
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it should NOT be used
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Two solutions of different solute concentration are separated by a membrane. After a while, the water levels of the two solutions change. Has OSMOSIS or DIFFUSION taken place? What kind of membrane is being used?
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OSMOSIS - which requires a SEYMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE
(since the water levels changed, that means solvent traveled from one side of the membrane to the other, but solute did not.) |
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N2 + 3H2 ------>2NH3
1. What are the REACTANTS? 2. What are the PRODUCTS? 3. How many molecules of H2 are used in the reaction? |
1. REACTANTS appear ot the left of the arrow (N2 and H3)
2. Products appear on the right side of the arrow (NH3) 3. There are 3 H2 molecules in the reaction because of the "3" to the left of H2. |
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What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? What 4 things are necessary for a plant to carry out photosynthesis?
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Chemical equation for photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6H2) ---> C6H12O6 + 6C2 It needs: 1. CO2 2. H2O 3. energy from sunlight 4. catalyst like chlorophyll |
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Other than using a catalyst, how can a reaction be sped up?
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increasing temperature
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A carbohydrates must have what 5 things must it have?
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1. carbon
2. hydrogen 3. oxygen 4. no other elements than the ones above 5. must have twice as many H's as O's (like water) |
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What kind of reaction is used for building disaccharides, polysaccharides, fats, and proteins? What kind of reaction can break these substances down?
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Dehydration reactions build up these molecules, and hydrolysis reactions can break them down
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An acid must contain what?
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An acid group - which looks like:
O ll --C--OH |
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Describe the pH scale and what it measures.
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on this scale, 7 is NEUTRAL
lower than 7 pH's = acidic higher than 7 pH's = alkaline LOWER pH - more ACIDIC HIGHER pH - more ALKALINE |
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What are the basic building blocks of:
1. PROTEINS 2. LIPIDS 3. POLYSACCHARIDES |
1. AMINO ACIDS link together to make PROTEINS
2. FATTY ACIDS link to GLYCEROL for lipids 3. MONOSACCHARIDES link together to make POLYSACCHARIDES |
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What determines a protein's STRUCTURE and FUNCTION?
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the number and type and the order of amino acids determine a protein's structure and function
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What are enzymes, and for what purpose are they used for?
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Enzymes are a special class of proteins that are used as catalysts.
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What is the "lock and key" theory of enzyme action?
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an enzyme has an active site that is shaped especially for the molecules that it must work on. The action that the enzyme takes cannot happen until the molecule attaches to that active site.
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What are the 3 basic parts of a NUCLEOTIDE?
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1. phosphate group
2. the sugar 3. the base |
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How does DNA store information?
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DNA stores information as a SEQUENCE of NUCLEOTIDE BASES
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What holds the two helixes in a DNA molecule together?
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HYDROGEN BONDS between the nucleotide bases hold the two helixes of DNA together.
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