Apologia Biology: Module 2

Front 1

pathogen

Back 1

an organism that cause disease

Front 2

saprophyta

Back 2

an organism that feeds on dead matter

Front 3

parasite

Back 3

an organism that feeds on a living host

Front 4

aerobic organisms

Back 4

organisms that require oxygen

Front 5

anerobic organisms

Back 5

organisms that don't require oxygen

Front 6

steady state

Back 6

a state where members of a population die as quickly as they're born

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exponential growth

Back 7

population growth that is unhindered because of abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population

Front 8

logistical growth

Back 8

population that is controled by limited resources

Front 9

plasmid

Back 9

small circular section of extra DNA that gives one or more traits to a bacterium & can be reproduced seperatly from main bacterial genetic code

Front 10

conjugation

Back 10

temporary union of two organisms to transfer DNA

Front 11

transformation

Back 11

transfer of DNA segment from a nofunctional donor(dead) cell to a functional recipient cell

Front 12

transduction

Back 12

The process where infection by a virus results in DNA being transferred from one bacterium to another

Front 13

edospore

Back 13

the DNA & other essential parts of bacterium coated w/ several hard layers

Front 14

stains

Back 14

organisms from same species, that have markebly different traits

Front 15

capsule

Back 15

layer of sticky sugars that surround cell wall of bacterium, & deters infection fighting agents

Front 16

cell wall

Back 16

holds contents of bacterium together, & shapes bacterium

Front 17

plasma membrane

Back 17

made of phospholipids and proteins, regulates what the bacterium takes in from outside world

Front 18

cytroplasm

Back 18

fluid inside cell that supports DNA and ribosoms

Front 19

fimbriae

Back 19

fibrous bristles used for grasping, either for adhering to surfaces, or sex pili when used for grasping other bacteria for reproduction

Front 20

flagellum

Back 20

looks like a tail, used like a outboard moter to propel bacterium

Front 21

ribosomes

Back 21

produce complicated chemicals called proteins

Front 22

chemosynthesis

Back 22

process where bacteria uses chemical reactions to produce energy, then use it & other chemicals to produce food

Front 23

binary fission

Back 23

asexual reproduction for bacterium:
1. bacterium creates another DNA loop
2. cell wall elongates, pulling DNA loops apart
3. then bacterium seperate into two identical bacterium

Front 24

genetic recombination

Back 24

bacteria exchange genetic information to increase genetic diversity of population

Front 25

Gram stain

Back 25

a way of staining samples to make microorganisms show up better, absorbed through cell wall

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Gram-positive

Back 26

blue color reaction, restained stain

Front 27

Gram-negative

Back 27

red color reaction, didn't restain stain

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Phylum Gracilicutes

Back 28

Gram-negative,
Class Scotobacteria- non-photosynthetic
Class Anoxyphotobacteria- non-oxygen producing photosynthetic
Class Oxyphotobacteria- oxygen producing photosynthetic

Front 29

Phylum Firmicutes

Back 29

Gram-positive,
Class Firmibacteria- bacilli or cocci
Class Thallobacteria- all but bacilli or cocci

Front 30

Phylum Tenericutes

Back 30

bacteria lacking cell wall,
Class Mollicutes- only class in phylum

Front 31

Phylum Mendosicutes

Back 31

bacteria w/ exotic cell wall,
Class Archaebacteria- only class in phylum

Front 32

Kinds of Bacterium

Back 32

Coccus(sperical), Bacillus(rod shaped), Spirillum(spiral shaped)