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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give the mnemonic for the classification system.
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King Philip Cried Out, "For Goodness Sake."
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Give the hierarchy for Biological Classification System.
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Kingdom --> Phylum --> Class --> Order --> Family --> Genus --> Species
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1st Critera for a Living Organism
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All life forms contain DeoxyriboNucleic Acid or DNA.
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2nd Criteria for Living Organism
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All life forms have a method by which they extract energy from the surroundings and convert it into energy that sustains them.
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3rd Criteria for a Living Organism
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All life forms can sense changes in their surroundings and respond those changes.
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4th Criteria for a Living Organism
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All life forms reproduce.
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Metabolism can be split into two categories. What are they?
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Metabolism can be split into two categories: anabolism and catabolism.
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Classify the following organism as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore: tiger
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Carnivores - Tigers eat only meat; therefore, they are carnivores.
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Classify the following organism as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore: cow
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Herbivores - Cows eat grass. This makes them herbivores.
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Classify the following organism as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore: human
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Omnivores - Humans eat plants and meat. This makes us omnivores.
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Classify the following organism as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore: sheep
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Herbivores - Sheep graze on grasses. This makes them herbivores.
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Classify the following organisms as producers, consumers, or decomposers: rose bushes
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Producers - Rose bushes have green stems and leaves to produce food via photosynthesis.
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Classify the following organisms as producers, consumers, or decomposers:
yeast (a fungus) |
Decomposers - Almost all fungi are decomposers
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Classify the following organisms as producers, consumers, or decomposers:
lions |
Consumers - Lions depend on other organisms for food.
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Classify the following organisms as producers, consumers, or decomposers:
humans |
Consumers - Humans depend on other organisms for food.
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A biologist studies an organism and then two of its offspring. They are all identical in every possible way. Do these organisms reproduce sexually or asexually?
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This must be asexual reproduction as the organisms are identical.
If they reproduced sexually, the offsprings' traits would be a blend of both parents' traits. |
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What form of energy is the main energy source for all living organisms on our planet?
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Light from the sun!
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Give an example of an organism that cannot actually produce viable offspring, and explain WHY it can still meet the reproduction criterion for life if it can't have offspring???
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Mules. When a horse and donkey mate, they produce an offspring called a mule. An adult mule cannot produce offspring of their own. However, their cells reproduce quite frequently so that the mules grow, repair wounds, etc. Thus, on a cellular level they fit the criterion!
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True or False? The secret ingredient that separates life from nonlife is still a mystery to modern science.
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True. We know a lot of the details, but we do not know everything......
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When trying to convince you of something, people will often insert “Science has proven...” at the beginning of a statement. Can science actually prove something? Why or why not?
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No. It is a hypothesis. The explanation will have to be tested with a significant amount of data before it can even be considered a theory. But it can't be definitively proven.....
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What concept did Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis contribute to medicine? (early to mid-1800's)
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He required doctors to wash their hands after examining EACH PATIENT so that doctors would not carry something bad from a sick patient to a healthy or recovering patient.
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Describe the experiment where the scientist Louis Pasteur showed that even microorganisms cannot spontaneously generate. (1859)
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Pasteur stored the infusion in a flask that had a curved neck. The curved neck allowed air to reach the infusion, but because microorganisms are heavier than air, any present would be trapped at the bottom of the curve. In this way, no microorganisms appeared in the infusion. However, when he tipped the flask and allowed any microorganisms present to fall into the infusion, they would appear in the infusion. Thus he showed that even microorganisms cannot spontaneously generate.
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What are two reasons for scientific laws to be overthrown?
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1. It is impossible to test them completely. (think: the coelacanth fish)
2. The experiments that support them are flawed or someonefinds a new kind of experiment that contradicts the law. |
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Why did scientists not realize microorganisms existed prior to 1670?
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They did not have a microscope, so had never seen them!
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A scientist makes a few observations and develops an explanation for the observations that she has made. At this point, is the explanation a hypothesis, theory, or scientific fact?
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It is a hypothesis. The explanation will have to be tested with a significant amount of data before it can even be considered a theory.
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Name the five separate kingdoms scientists use to classify organisms in nature.
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The names of these kingdoms are:
Monera (muh nihr' uh), Protista (pro tee' stuh), Fungi (fun' jye), Plantae, and Animalia. |
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Suppose you chose two organisms at random out of a list of the members of kingdom Plantae, then you chose two organisms at random out of a list of the members of family Pinaceae. In which case would you expect the two organisms to be the most similar?
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The organisms in the same family should be more similar.
The further you go down the classification groups, the more similar the organisms within the groups become. This is because each group is made by splitting the previous group into smaller groups. |
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You compare several organisms from different orders within a given class. You then compare organisms from different classes. In which case would you expect the differences to be greatest?
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You would expect the organisms from different classes should have more differences.
Since going down the hierarchical scheme tells us that the organisms are getting more similar, going up the hierarchical should enhance the differences. |
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What are the characteristics of the kingdom called Protista?
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Protista are composed of only one eukaryotic cell or a simple association of eukaryotic cells. Amoebae, paramecia, and algae are members of kingdom Protista.
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What are the charateristics of organism found in the kingdom Fungi?
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The kingdom Fungi is mostly made up of decomposers. Members of kingdom Fungi have eukaryotic cells. In addition, most fungi are multicellular, but there are a few single-celled fungi. Mushrooms and bread molds are examples of the organisms in kingdom Fungi.
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What are the charateristics of organism found in the kingdom Plantae?
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The kingdom, Plantae, is mostly composed of autotrophs (organisms that produce their own food). The members of kingdom Plantae are multicelled organisms with eukaryotic cells. Trees, grass, flowering bushes, etc., are all members of kingdom Plantae.
Plantae are often called “plants.” |
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What are the charateristics of organism found in the kingdom Animalia?
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The kingdom, Animalia, contains multicellular organisms with eukaryotic cells.Grasshoppers, birds, cats, fish, and snakes are all members of kingdom Animalia.
Members of kingdom Animalia are called “animals.” |
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What are the charateristics of organism found in the kingdom Monera?
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Kingdom Monera contains all organisms that are composed of either one prokaryotic cell or a simple association of prokaryotic cells. Blue-green algae and bacteria are both members of kingdom Monera.
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An organism is made up of one eukaryotic cell. To what kingdom does it belong?
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Protista - This kingdom has the single-celled eukaryotes.
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An organism is multicellular and an autotroph. To what kingdom does it belong?
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Plantae - Almost all autotrophs belong in this kingdom
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True or False? The Kingdoms Monera and Fungi together contain most of the microorganisms that exist on earth.
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False! It is Monera and PROTISTA. Even though we are rarely aware of them, the members of these two kingdoms make up the vast majority of life on this earth.
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An organism is multicellular with eukaryotic cells. It is also a decomposer. To what kingdom does it belong?
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Fungi – Most decomposers are in this kingdom.
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Give the scientific name for humans.
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The scientific name for humans is Homo Sapiens.
Homo is the genus to which humans belong, and sapiens is the species |
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Name the parts of the three-domain clasification system.
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The three-domain system classifies all living things into one of three large domains: Archaea (ar kay' uh), Bacteria, and Eukarya (yoo' kair ee' uh).
This system is primarily used for those people who believe in evolution. |
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Define baraminology.
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Baraminology is the study of created kinds.
This classification system, usually called baraminology (bear' uh min ol' uh jee), attempts to determine the kinds of creatures that God specifically created on earth. Indeed, the word “baraminology” comes from two Hebrew words used in Genesis: bara, which means “create,” and min, which means “kind.” This system is primarily used by those people who believe in the creationist theory. |
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Which classification system is the most widely used?
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The Five Kingdom classification system is most widely used, and what is being used for this course.
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Cells come in two different types. What are they?
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Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells |
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How do you indicate that a genus or species name is part of binominal nomenclature?
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You italicize the genus and species name... or both.
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True or False? To properly name an organism, you need to know its genus and species.
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True.
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Who developed the five-kingdom system of classification and when?
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Carrolus Linnaeus back in the 1700's.
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Some textbooks and other classes use another term for "phylum." What is it? (Just so you know if your college prof doesn't use "phylum!")
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division is the same thing as phylum
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What are the four criteria for life?
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The four criteria for life are:
1. All life forms contain deoxyribonucleic acid, which is called DNA. 2. All life forms have a method by which they extract energy from the surroundings and convert it into energy that sustains them. 3. All life forms can sense changes in their surroundings and respond to those changes. 4. All life forms reproduce. |
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An organism is classified as a carnivore. Is it a heterotroph or an autotroph? Is it a producer,
consumer, or decomposer? |
Carnivores eat non-plants. This means they depend on other organisms for food, making them
heterotrophs, which are also known as consumers. |
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An organism has receptors on tentacles that come out of its head. If those tentacles were cut off in
an accident, what life function would be most hampered? |
If the tentacles are cut off, then the organism has no receptors, which sense the conditions of the
environment. Thus, sensing changes in the surroundings and responding to those changes will be hard for this wounded creature. |
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A parent and two offspring are studied. Although there are many similarities between the parent
and the offspring, there are also some differences. Do these organisms reproduce sexually or asexually? |
These organisms reproduce sexually. In sexual reproduction, the offspring’s traits are a blend of the
parents, their parents, and so on. This would account for the differences between parent and offspring. |
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What is wrong with the following statement?
“Science has proven that energy must always be conserved.” |
Science cannot prove anything. Since it is based on experiments that may be flawed, its conclusions
are always tentative. |
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Briefly explain the scientific method.
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. In the scientific method, a person starts by making observations. The person then develops a
hypothesis to explain those observations or to answer a question. The person (often with the help of others) then designs experiments to test the hypothesis. After the hypothesis has been tested by a significant amount of data and is consistent with all of it, then it becomes theory. After more testing with generations of data, the theory could become a scientific law. |
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Why does the story of spontaneous generation illustrate the limitations of science?
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. The story of spontaneous generation shows how almost 2,000 years of executing the scientific
method resulted in a law that was clearly wrong. Thus, you can’t put too much faith in scientific laws. They are fallible |
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Why is the theory of abiogenesis just another example of the idea of spontaneous generation?
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Abiogenesis is a theory that states that life sprang from non-living chemicals eons ago. This is an
example of spontaneous generation, a former law that said life could arise from non-life. We now know that this law is wrong |
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Name the classification groups in our hierarchical classification scheme in order.
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Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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. An organism is a multicellular consumer made of eukaryotic cells. To what kingdom does it
belong? |
Animalia - Since it is multicellular, it is not Monera or Protista. In addition, it is not Plantae
because it is not an autotroph (consumers are heterotrophs), and it is not Fungi because it is not a decomposer. |
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An organism is a single-celled consumer made of prokaryotic cells. To what kingdom does it
belong? |
It belongs in kingdom Monera, because all organisms made of prokaryotic cells belong to this
kingdom. |
