Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Upper respiratory tract |
the part of the respiratory system containing the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx |
|
|
Lower respiratory tract |
the part of the respiratory system containing the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs |
|
|
Ventilation |
the process of getting air into the lungs and back out |
|
|
External respiration |
the process of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between the alveoli and the blood |
|
|
Internal respiration |
the process of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells and the blood |
|
|
Surfactant |
a molecule with a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end |
|
|
compliance |
the ease with which the lungs inflate |
|
|
Aspirate |
to take in by means of suction |
|
|
Tidal volume |
the volume of air inspired or expired during normal, quiet breathing |
|
|
Functional residual capacity |
The volume of air left in the lungs after a normal expiration |
|
|
Total lung capacity |
The maximum volume of air contained in the lungs after a forceful inspiration |
|
|
Residual volume |
the volume of air left in the lungs after a forceful expiration |
|
|
Muscles of principal inspiration |
Diaphragm and external intercostals |
|
|
Muscles of principal expiration |
None - caused by the relaxation of the muscles of principal inspiration |
|
|
Muscles of forced inspiration |
Sternocleidomastoid, scalene, and pectoralis minor |
|
|
Muscles of forced expiration |
abdominal muscles, internal intercostals |
|
|
Cellular respiration |
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---- 6CO2 + H2O + ATP |
|
|
Where does glycolysis occur? |
In the cytoplasm (anaerobic) |
|
|
What are the products of glycolysis? |
2 pyruvate molecules and 4 ATP (net gain of 2) |
|
|
What occurs during Oxidation of Pyruvate? |
Each pyruvate loses a Carbon molecule to make CO2, 2 carbon molecules (acetyl) attaches to co-enzyme A, and each pyruvate loses a H+ |
|
|
What are the products of Oxidation of Pyruvate? |
2 CO2 (final product to ETS) and 2 acetyl co-enzyme A molecules |
|
|
What occurs during the Krebs cycle? |
2 oxaloacetic acid groups are left to begin the cycle again and coenzyme A is re-used |
|
|
What is produced during the Krebs cycle? |
4 CO2, 6NADH, and 2 FADH2 |
|
|
What happens during the Electron Transport System? |
Each NADH makes 3 ATP (NADH from glycolysis has enough energy for only 2 ATP); 8 NADH yields 24 ATP (3 each) and 2 NADH from glycolysis yields 4 ATP (2 each); Each FADH2 produces 2 ATP (4 in total) - ultimate yield in ETS: 32 ATP |
|
|
Summary of ETS? |
hydrogen atoms from NADH and FADH2 combine with oxygen to form 6 molecules of water; energy from hydrogen diffusion is used to make ATP |
|
|
What are the final products? |
6H2O, 32 ATP, 6 CO2 |
|
|
Cellular respiration: |
C6H12O6 + 6O2 - 6CO2 + 6H20 + 36 ATP |
