A&pi Test 4 Ipap

Front 1

List the 4 Somatic sensations

Back 1

Tactile
Thermal
Pain
Proprioception

Front 2

List the Tactile sensations

Back 2

Touch
Pressure
Vibration
Itch
Tickle

Front 3

Free nerve endings sense what?

Back 3

Itch
tickle

Front 4

Encapsulated nerves sense what?

Back 4

Touch
Pressure
Vibration

Front 5

Rapid adapting receptors

Back 5

Meissner's corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles

Front 6

Slowly adapting receptors

Back 6

Merkel's disks
Ruffini endings

Front 7

Cold receptors are located where?
What type of fibers?

Back 7

Stratum Basale of epidermis

Myelinated A fibers

Front 8

Warm receptors are located where?
What type of fibers?

Back 8

dermis

Unmyelinated C fibers

Front 9

Fast pain is carried on what type of fibers?

Back 9

myelinated A fibers

Front 10

Slow Pain is carried on what type of fibers?

Back 10

small unmyelinated C fibers

Front 11

What establishes the circadian rythm

Back 11

Suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus

Front 12

describe phantom limb sensation

Back 12

amputees still experience sensations such as itching, pressure, tingling or pain as if the limb were still there.

Front 13

This causes progressive degeneration of the posterior portions of the spinal cord including posterior columns, posterior spinocerebellar tracts, and posterior roots in its later stages.

Back 13

Syphilis

Front 14

damage or disease of the lower motor neurons produces what?

Back 14

Placcid Paralysis of muscles on the same side of the body

Front 15

damage or disease of the upper motor neurons in the cerebral cortex causes what?

Back 15

Spastic Paralysis on muscles on the opposite side of the body

Front 16

This causes dopamine-releasing neurons that extend from the substantia nigra to the caudate nucleus and putamen to degenerate?

Back 16

Parkinson disease

Front 17

this is a hereditary disorder in which the caudate nucleus and putamen degenerate, with loss of neurons that normally release GABA or acetylcholine. Sx do not appear until age 30 or 40 and can also include mental deterioration

Back 17

Huntington disease

Front 18

this is an abnormal condition in which movements are jerky and uncorrdinated. If blindfolded, they cannot touch the tip of their finger to their nose.

Back 18

Ataxia

Front 19

cerebellar damage due to trauma or alcoholism in which the anterior part of the cerebellum is affected can cause this disorder.

Back 19

intention tremor

Front 20

this neuromuscular condition involves progressive destruction of anterior horn motor neurons and fibers of the pyramidal tract. As the disease progresses the sufferer loses the ability to speak, swallow, and breathe; death typically occurs within 5yrs

Back 20

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Lou gehrig's disease

Front 21

This motor disorder is causes the loss of muscle control and coordination. It is caused by damage of the moitor areas of the brain either during fetal development, birth, or infacny, hydrocephalus during infacy or radiation during fetal development

Back 21

Cerebral palsy

Front 22

describe narcolepsy

Back 22

a condition in which REM sleep cannot be inhibited during waking periods resulting in involuntary periods of sleep that last aout 15min occuring throughout the day.

Front 23

Monoplegia

Back 23

paralysis of one limb only

Front 24

Diplegia

Back 24

paralysis of both upper limbs or both lower limbs

Front 25

Paraplegia

Back 25

paralysis of both lower limbs

Front 26

Hemiplegia

Back 26

paralysis of the upper limb, trunk, and lower limb on one side of the body

Front 27

Quadriplegia

Back 27

paralysis of all four limbs

Front 28

Reduced ability to smell?

Back 28

Hyposmia

Front 29

total lack of the sense of smell?

Back 29

Anosmia

Front 30

Tip of the toungue and associated with safe foods?

Back 30

Sweet

Front 31

Back sides of the tongue associated with spoiled?

Back 31

Sour

Front 32

Back middle of the tongue associated with poisonous?

Back 32

Bitter

Front 33

Front sides of the tongue associated with sodium chloride

Back 33

Salty

Front 34

Diffuse location associated with meaty , savory or broth-like

Back 34

Umami

Front 35

List 3 types of papillae that contain tastebuds

Back 35

Vallate papillae
Fungiform papillae (mushroom shaped)
Foliate papillae(mostly lost during childhood)

Front 36

This papillae does not contain tastebuds

Back 36

Filiform papillae

Front 37

List the primary tastes in order of threshold from least to greatest.

Back 37

Bitter
Sour
(sweet, salty, umami)

Front 38

True or false:
70% of all sensory receptors in the body are in the eyes?

Back 38

True

Front 39

Victims of this disease retain peripheral vision but lose the ability to see straight ahead in the advanced stages

Back 39

AMD (age-related macular disease)

Front 40

this form of AMD involves the central vision gradually diminishing becuase the pigmented layer atrophies and degenerates. There is no effective treatment

Back 40

Dry

Front 41

The form of AMD occurs when new blood vessels form in the choroid and leak plasma or blood under the retina. Treatment involves laser surgery to destroy the leaking blood vessels

Back 41

Wet

Front 42

Loss of transparency of the lens is termed?

Back 42

cataracts

Front 43

This is when the lens loses elasticity with aging and therefore loses its ability to accommodate

Back 43

Presbyopia

Front 44

Nearsightedness

Back 44

Myopia

Front 45

Farsightedness

Back 45

Hypermetropia

Front 46

Irregular curvature of the cornea is called?

Back 46

Astigmatism

Front 47

The photopigment in rods is?

Back 47

rhodopsin

Front 48

The photopigments in cones are?

Back 48

Photopsin I- Yellow or Red
Photopsin II- green
Photopsin III- blue-violet

Front 49

Night blindness is also termed?

Back 49

Nyctalopia

Front 50

Increased sensitivity to sound is called?

Back 50

Hyperacusia

Front 51

Wandering eye describes this condition?

Back 51

Amblyopia

Front 52

Inflammation of the eyelids is?

Back 52

Blepharitis

Front 53

inflamation or infection of the cornea is?

Back 53

Keratitis

Front 54

Pinkeye is called?

Back 54

Conjunctivits

Front 55

This form of conjunctivitis is the greatest single cause of blindness in the world

Back 55

Trachoma

Front 56

Term for constriction of the pupil?

Back 56

Miosis

Front 57

Term for dilation of the pupil?

Back 57

mydriasis

Front 58

Rapid involuntary movement of the eyeballs

Back 58

Nystagmus

Front 59

this is an imbalance in the extrinsic eye muscles resulting in misalignment of one eye so that its line of vision is not parallel. (cross-eyed)

Back 59

Strabismus

Front 60

Term for an earache

Back 60

Otalgia

Front 61

Falling or drooping of the eyelid

Back 61

Ptosis

Front 62

A tumor arising from immature retinal cells

Back 62

Retinoblastoma

Front 63

an area of reduced or lost vision in the visual field

Back 63

scotoma

Front 64

ringing, roaring or clicking in the ears

Back 64

Tinnitus