Api 936 Terms And Definitions

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ABRASION RESISTANCE

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THE ABILITY TO WITHSTAND THE EFFECTS OF ERODING PARTICLES FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF MATERIAL OR OTHER DAMAGE.

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APPLICATOR QUALIFICATION TESTING

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PRE-INSTALLATION SIMULATION OF PRODUCTION WORK THAT IS VISUALLY INSPECTED, SAMPLED, AND TESTED TO VERIFY THAT APPLICATION EQUIPMENT AND PERSONNEL ARE CAPABLE OF MEETING SPECIFIED QUALITY STANDARDS.

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AS-INSTALLED TESTING

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TESTING OF REFRACTORY MATERIALS SAMPLED FROM THE INSTALLATION TO CONFIRM THAT THEY MEET SPECIFIED STANDARDS.

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BISCUIT

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A REFRACTORY PIECE FORMED WITHIN AN AREA COMPLETELY ENCLOSED BY THE ANCHORING SYSTEM.

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CASTABLE

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A COMBINATION OF REFRACTORY GRAIN AND SUITABLE BONDING AGENT THAT, AFTER THE ADDITION OF A PROPER LIQUID, IS INSTALLED INTO PLACE TO FORM A REFRACTORY SHAPE OR STRUCTURE THAT BECOMES RIGID BECAUSE OF A CHEMICAL REACTION.

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CASTING

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THE APPLICATION OF WET MIXED CASTABLE REFRACTORY BY PLACING (POSSIBLY WITH THE AID OF VIBRATION), POURING, OR RODDING.

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CHEMICAL SETTING

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DEVELOPING A STRONG BOND BY CHEMICAL REACTION. THESE REFRACTORIES INCLUDE PHOSPHATE-BONDED PLASTICS AND RAMMING MIXES.

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COLD CRUSHING STRENGTH CCS

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A MEASURE OF A REFRACTORY'S ABILITY TO RESIST FAILURE UNDER A COMPRESSIVE LOAD AS DETERMINED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AFTER DRYING AND/OR FIRING.

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COLD WALL

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AN INSULATING REFRACTORY LINING SYSTEM WITH A METAL SHELL TEMPERATURE LESS THAN 500 F (260 C).

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COMPLIANCE DATASHEET

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A LIST OF MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES FOR A SPECIFIED REFRACTORY MATERIAL THAT ARE WARRANTED BY THE MANUFACTURER TO BE MET IF AND WHEN THE PRODUCT IS TESTED BY THE LISTED PROCEDURE.

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CONTRACTOR

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THE PARTY OR PARTIES RESPONSIBLE FOR INSTALLING THE REFRACTORY IN THE OWNER'S EQUIPMENT.

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CONVENTIONAL REFRACTORIES

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CASTABLE REFRACTORIES CONTAINING MORE THAN 2.5% CaO.

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CURING

Back 13

PROCESS OF BOND FORMATION IN A NEWLY INSTALLED MONOLITHIC REFRACTORY.

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CUT-BACK

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PRE-SET REFRACTORY TRIMMED FROM THE LINING SURFACE VIA A CUTTING ACTION TO GIVE THE FINAL LINING THICKNESS DIMENSION, USUALLY IN A GUNNING INSTALLATION.

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DENSITY

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THE MASS OF A UNIT VOLUME OF A SUBSTANCE. IT IS USUALLY EXPRESSED EITHER IN KILOGRAM PER CUBIC METER (kg/m3), GRAMS PER CUBIC CENTIMETER (g/cm3), or in pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft3).

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DRY-GUNNING

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PNEUMATIC PLACEMENT OF GUNNING MIXES WHERE WATER IS ADDED AT THE NOZZLE.

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DRYOUT

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THE INITIAL HEATING OF A NEWLY INSTALLED CASTABLE LINING IN WHICH HEATING RATES AND HOLD TIMES ARE CONTROLLED TO SAFELY REMOVE RETAINED WATER WITHOUT EXPLOSIVE SPALLING AND TO FORM A WELL DISTRIBUTED NETWORK OF SHRINKAGE CRACKS IN THE LINING.

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EROSION RESISTANT LINING

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REFRACTORY LINING SYSTEM WHOSE PURPOSE IS TO WITHSTAND THE EFFECTS OF AN ERODING MATERIAL FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF MATERIAL OR OTHER DAMAGE.

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EROSION SERVICE

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REFRACTORY APPLICATION IN WHICH EROSION RESISTANCE IS A DETERMINING FEATURE OF LINING SERVICE LIFE.

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EXECUTION PLAN

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A WRITTEN DOCUMENT PREPARED BY THE CONTRACTOR THAT IS SUBMITTED TO AND APPROVED BY THE OWNER BEFORE WORK STARTS DETAILING HOW THE CONTRACTOR INTENDS TO PERFORM THE JOB AND MEET THE OBJECTIVES AND QUALITY STANDARDS SET FOR THE JOB IN THE OWNER'S SPECIFICATIONS AND DRAWINGS.

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FIRING

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THE PROCESS OF HEATING REFRACTORIES TO DEVELOP DESIRED PROPERTIES.

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FLOCCULATING AGENT

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A CHEMICAL ADDITIVE CAUSING RAPID STIFFENING OF A FLUID REFRACTORY CASTABLE.

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GREEN REFRACTORY (MONOLITHIC LININGS)

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A NEWLY INSTALLED REFRACTORY BEFORE IT IS EXPOSED TO DRYOUT OR INTITIAL HEATING.

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GUN OPERATOR

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INDIVIDUAL IN A DRY GUN OPERATION WHO CONTROLS MATERIAL CHARGING, FLOW RATE AND AIR FLOW OF THE GUNNING MACHINE.

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GUNNING

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THE APPLICATION OF MONOLITHIC REFRACTORIES BY MEANS OF AIR PLACEMENT GUNS.

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HAMMER TEST (OF REFRACTORY LINING)

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A SUBJECTIVE TEST OF GREEN OR FIRED REFRACTORIES IN WHICH THE LINING IS IMPACTED WITH A HAMMER TO GAUGE SOUNDNESS AND UNIFORMITY VIA AUDIBLE RESONANCE.

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HAND PACKING

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CASTABLE INSTALLATION TECHNIQUE WHEREBY REFRACTORY IS PLACED BY PACKING SUCCESSIVE HANDFULS OF MATERIAL TO THE DESIRED SHAPE. REFRACTORY IS MIXED AT A CONSISTENCY THAT IS STIFF ENOUGH FOR THE PLACED REFRACTORY TO HOLD ITS SHAPE, AND WET AND STICKY ENOUGH SO THAT THE LINING FORMED IS STRUCTURALLY HOMOGENOUS.

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HEXALT ANCHORS

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INDIVIDUAL METALLIC ANCHORS USED AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO HEXMETAL IN THIN LAYER, EROSION RESISTANT LININGS.

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HEXMETAL

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A METALLIC ANCHORING SYSTEM CONSTRUCTED OF METAL STRIPS JOINED TOGETHER TO FORM HEXAGONAL SHAPED ENCLOSURES WHERE EROSION RESISTANT REFRACTORY IS PACKED AFTER WELDING TO THE BASE PLATE STEEL.

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HOT WALL

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A THIN REFRACTORY LINING SYSTEM WITH A METAL SHELL TEMPERATURE GREATER THAN

500 F (260 C).

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HYDRAULIC-SETTING (BONDED) REFRACTORIES

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COMPOSITIONS OF GROUND REFRACTORY MATERIALS IN WHICH SOME OF THE COMPONENTS REACT CHEMICALLY WITH WATER TO FORM A STRONG HYDRAULIC BOND.

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INDEPENDENT LABORATORY

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A REFRACTORY TESTING LABORATORY NOT AFFILIATED WIHT THE REFRACTORY MANUFACTURER OR CONTRACTOR.

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INSPECTOR

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THE PARTY OR INDIVIDUAL WHOM THE OWNER HAS CONTRACTED OR OTHERWISE DESIGNATED TO MONITOR REFRACTORY TESTING AND INSTALLATION WORK PERFORMED BY THE CONTRACTOR AND REFRACTORY MATERIAL MANUFACTURER(S).

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MANUFACTURER

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THE PARTY OR PARTIES BLENDING THE REFRACTORY PRODUCTS AT THE REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING PLANT.

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MATERIAL QUALIFICATION TESTING

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PRE-INSTALLATION TESTING OF REFRACTORY MATERIALS IN WHICH PRODUCTION LOTS OF REFRACTORIES MANUFACTURED FOR A SPECIFIC INSTALLATION ARE SAMPLED AND TESTED TO CONFIRM THAT THEY MEET SPECIFIED PHYSICAL PROPERTY STANDARDS.

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MEMBRANE CURING COMPOUND

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A NON-REACTIVE COATING APPLIED TO FRESHLY INSTALLED CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS THAT AIDS THE HYDRATION PROCESS BY RETARDING MOISTURE LOSS.

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METAL FIBER REINFORCEMENT

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METAL FIBERS DISPERSED IN REFRACTORY TO IMPROVE APPLIED LINING TOUGHNESS AND SHRINKAGE CRACK DISTRIBUTION.

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MONOLITHIC LINING

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A CASTABLE LINING WITHOUT JOINTS, FORMED OF MATERIAL WHICH IS RAMMED, CAST OR GUNNED AND SINTERED INTO PLACE.

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MONOLITHIC REFRACTORIES

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CASTABLE OR PLASTIC REFRACTORIES APPLIED BY CASTING, GUNNING, OR HAND/RAM PACKING TO FORM MONOLITHIC LINING STRUCTURES OF ANY SHAPE.

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NOZZLEMAN

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INDIVIDUAL AT THE POINT OF APPLICATION IN A GUNNING OPERATION WHO CONTROLS MATERIAL BUILD UP VIA MANEUVERING AND POSITIONING OF THE OUTLET NOZZLE. IN A DRY GUNNING OPERATION THE NOZZLEMAN CONTROLS WATER ADDITION VIA A WATER VALVE. IN A WET GUNNING OPERATION THE NOZZLEMAN CONTROLS FLOCCULENT AND POSSIBLY AIR VIA A VALVE.

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ORGANIC FIBERS

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FIBERS COMPOSED OF LOW-TEMPERATURE MELTING, ORGANIC MATERIALS SUCH AS POLYPROPYLENE OR POLYETHYLENE ADDED TO REFRACTORY TO ENHANCE MOISTURE RELEASE BY BURNING OUT DURING INITIAL DRYOUT, INCREASING THE PERMEABILITY BY LEAVING TINY, INTERCONNECTED, VOIDS.

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OTHER SERVICE

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REFRACTORY INSTALLED IN LOCATIONS WHERE EROSION RESISTANCE IS NOT A REQUIRED FEATURE OF THE LINING SERVICE.

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OWNER

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THE PROPRIETOR OF EQUIPMENT WHO HAS ENGAGED ONE OR MORE PARTIES TO INSTALL OR REPAIR REFRACTORY.

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PERMANENT LINEAR CHANGE (PLC)

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A MEASURE OF A REFRACTORY'S PHYSICAL PROPERTY THAT DEFINES PERMANENT LINEAR DIMENSIONAL CHANGE AS A RESULT OF INITIAL HEATING TO A SPECIFIC TEMPERATURE.

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

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MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF A REFRACTORY SUCH AS DENSITY, STRENGTH, EROSION SERVICE, LINEAR CHANGE, ETC.

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PLANETARY MIXER

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A HIGH ENERGY MIXER WITH A ROTATING PADDLE ON A VERTICLE ORBITING MIXER SHAFT.

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PLASTIC REFRACTORY

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A MOLDABLE REFRACTORY MATERIAL THAT CAN BE EXTRUDED AND HAS A LEVEL OF WORKABILITY THAT PERMITS IT TO BE POUNDED INTO PLACE TO FORM A MONOLITHIC STRUCTURE.

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POTABLE WATER

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WATER QUALITY SAFE FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION.

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PRE-WETTING (GUNNING)

Back 49

A TECHNIQUE USED WITH DRY GUNNING MACHINES WHERE A SMALL QUANTITY OF WATER IS MIXED INTO THE DRY REFRATORY BEFORE CHARGING INTO THE GUN TO REDUCE REBOUND AND DUST, AND TO IMPROVE WETTING OF THE CEMENT IN THE GUNNING OPERATION.

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PRODUCTION RUN

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THE QUANTITY OF REFRACTORY HAVING THE SAME FORMULATION THAT IS PREPARED IN AN UNINTERRUPTED MANUFACTURING OPERATION.

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PUMP CASTING

Back 51

CASTABLE INSTALLATION TECHNIQUE IN WHICH REFRACTORY IS MIXED WITH WATER AND PUMPED THROUGH PIPING AND/OR HOSES TO THE INSTALLATION SITE, WHERE IT IS POURED FROM THE OUTLET NOZZLE DIRECTLY INTO A FORMED ENCLOSURE.

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RAMMING

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THE USE OF COMPRESSIVE FORCE OR IMPACT TO DEFORM A STIFF REFRACTORY MIX, CAUSING IT TO COMPLETELY FILL THE INTENDED VOLUME (e.g. A HEXMETAL CELL) AND / OR FULLY BOND OR JOIN TO PREVIOUSLY PLACED REFRACTORY (e.g. THICK PLASTIC LININGS).

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REBOUND

Back 53

AGGREGATE AND / OR CEMENT WHICH BOUNCES AWAY FROM A SURFACE AGAINST WHICH REFRACTORY IS BEING PROJECTED BY GUNNING.

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SAMPLE

Back 54

THE QUANTITY OF REFRACTORY TAKEN FROM A SINGLE CONTAINER OR INSTALLATION SEQUENCE THAT IS USED TO MAKE A COMPLETE SET OF TEST SPECIMENS TO DETERMINE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, EROSION RESISTANCE, DENSITY, LINEAR CHANGE, AND / OR OTHER PHYSICAL PROPERTIES.

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SHELF LIFE

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MAXIMUM TIME INTERVAL DURING WHICH A MATERIAL MAY BE STORED AND REMAIN IN A USABLE CONDITION.

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SHOTBOARD

Back 56

TEMPORARY CONTAINMENTS USED IN GUNNING THAT ARE SET UP AND SECURED TO PROVIDE A FIRM SURFACE ON WHICH TO MAKE PERPENDICULAR COLD JOINTS AT THE TERMINATION OF WORK AREAS.

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SPECIMEN

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INDIVIDUAL CUBE, BAR, PLATE, OR OTHER TEST PIECE USED FOR PHYSICAL PROPERTY TESTING.

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SUBMERSION VIBRATOR

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A CYLINDRICAL MECHANICAL SHAFT DRIVEN DEVICE IMMERSED INTO CAST REFRACTORY TO ASSIT IN CONSOLIDATION, DE-AIRING, AND PROMOTION OF FLOW BY VIBRATION.

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SUPPLIER

Back 59

THE PARTY SUPPLYING THE REFRACTORY AND OTHER MATERIALS TO THE CONTRACTOR.

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VIBRATION CASTING

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CASTABLE INSTALLATION TECHNIQUE WHEREBY REFRACTORY IS MIXED WITH WATER AND PLACED IN A FORMED ENCLOSURE WITH THE AID OF VIBRATION WHICH CAUSES THE REFRACTORY TO BECOME "FLUID LIKE" AND THEREBY FLOW AND CONSOLIDATE TO THE SHAPE OF THE FORMED ENCLOSURE.

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WET GUNNING

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PNEUMATIC PLACEMENT OF PREMIXED CASTABLES (INCLUDING WATER) WHERE FLOCCULATING AGENTS AND PLACEMENT AIR ARE ADDED AT THE NOZZLE.

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WORKABILITY INDEX

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A MEASURE OF THE MOLDABILITY OF PLASTIC REFRACTORIES AS DETERMINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASTM C181. WORKABILITY INDEX IS COMMONLY USED TO CONTROL CONSISTENCY OF PLASTIC REFRACTORIES DURING MANUFACTURE AND SERVES AS A MEASURE OF THE FACILITY WITH WHICH IT IS RAMMED OR VIBRATED INTO PLACE.

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COMPANY SPECIALIZING IN REFRACTORY CONSULTING, TRAINING, AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT.