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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
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Agribusiness



Chapter 10

commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations



Agribusiness occurs in MDC's.

Agriculture



Chapter 10

the deliberate effort to modify a portion of earths surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain



Agriculture is what has kept this world alive for centuries.

Cereal grain



Chapter 10


a grass yielding grain for food



Cereal grain is used in our breads.


Chaff



Chapter 10

husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing



The first step, it seems, is to separate the chaff from the grain.

Combine



Chapter 10

a machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field



Combine would be a machine used in commercial agriculture

Commercial Agriculture



Chapter 10

agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm



Commercial is taken place in MDC's

Crop



Chapter 10

grain or fruit gathered from a harvest during a particular season



Corn and soybeans are crops.

Crop Rotation



Chapter 10

the practice of growing different crops in succession on the same land chiefly to preserve the productive capacity of the soil



Using corn one season then soybeans another is crop rotation.

Desertification



Chapter 10

degradation of land, especially in semiarid ares, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop polanting, animal grazing, and tree cutting



Desertification makes agriculture that much harder.

Double Cropping



Chapter 10

harvesting twice a year from the same field



Double cropping is a part of intensive agriculture

Grain



Chapter 10

seed of cereal grass



Bread is made from grain.

Green Revolution



Chapter 10

rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, esp new high-yield seeds and fertilizers



Green revolution isnt as shown in LDC's.

Horticulture



Chapter 10

the growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers



Growing apples is horticulture.

Hull



Chapter 10

the outer covering of a seed



The hull is the part of the see that is shown.

Intensive subsistence agriculture



Chapter 10

farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the max feasible yield from a parcel of land



Intensive agriculture is used to ensure to have enough crops to survive.


milkshed



Chapter 10

the area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied



Milkshed is not as needed anymore due to increase of transportation

paddy



Chapter 10

word for wet rice



Paddy is grown in wet rice dominant areas.

pastoral nomadism



Chapter 10

a form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals



Pastoral nomadism is practiced in the Middle East

pasture



Chapter 10

grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing



Pastures in the US are more known in the midwest.


plantation



Chapter 10

a large farm in tropical/subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or teo crops for sale, usually to a more developed country



Plantations are in LDC'S

prime agricultural land



Chapter 10

the most productive farmland



Prime agricultural land is slowly being lost due to urbanization and industries taking over.

ranching



Chapter 10

a form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area



In the 1800s, cow ranching was popular in the US.

reaper



Chapter 10

a machine that cuts cereal grain standing in the field



Machines like the reaper are used more in commercial agriculture

ridge tillage



Chapter 10

system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation



Ridge tillage helps make the soil richer.

Sawah



Chapter 10

a flooded field for growing rice



Sawah is one of the most effective ways of growing rice.

shifting cultivation



Chapter 10

a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another, each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period



Shifting cultivation is being looked down upon for its environmental abuse

slash-and-burn agriculture



Chapter 10

fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris



Slash-and-burn is a form of shifting cultivation

spring wheat



Chapter 10

wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer



Spring wheat is the opposite of winter wheat.

subsistence agriculture



Chapter 10

designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer



subsistence agriculture is found in LDC's

sustainable agriculture



Chapter 10

farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restorting crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides



Sustainable agriculture helps the environment

Swidden



Chapter 10

a patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning



Swiddens get burned so they can retrieve more richer soil

Thresh



Chapter 10

to beat out grain from stalks by trampling it



Thresh is a common form of grain farming

Transhumance



Chapter 10

the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures



Transhumance is a part of pastoral nomadism


truck farming



Chapter 10

commercial gardening and fruit farming, named because truck was a middle english word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities



Truck farming is what you find in grocery stores

wet rice



Chapter 10

rice planted on dryland in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth



This is grown in wet rice dominant countries

winnow



Chapter 10

to remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind



Winnow is an tactic of getting rid of chaff

winter wheat



Chapter 10

wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer



This is the opposite of spring wheat.

Seed Agriculture



Chapter 10


the reproduction of plants through annual planting of seeds that result from sexual fertilization.



Seed Agriculture is one of the two main forms of cultivation


Vegative planting



Chapter 10


reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants.


APHG Unit 5 Flash Cards



Zack Kirtz

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