Aphasia Test 1

Front 1

ischemic stroke:

Back 1

altherosclerosis and high cholesterol.

Front 2

types of ischemia:

Back 2

thrombosis, transient ischemic attact (TIA), embolism.

Front 3

acute phase:

Back 3

hypoperfusion

Front 4

chromic phase:

Back 4

remote effects & penumbra.

Front 5

hemorrhage:

Back 5

intracerebral & subarachnoid, hematoma, aneurysm, and AV malformation.

Front 6

supportive cells of CNS:

Back 6

glial cells: astrocytes & oligodendroglias.

Front 7

trauma:

Back 7

contusion & laceration, closed/open head injury, language and cognition in TBI.

Front 8

progressive etiology:

Back 8

unilateral atrophy, aphasia without dementia, progressive aphasia.

Front 9

infection:

Back 9

bacterial and viral infections in CNS.

Front 10

most common bacterial infections:

Back 10

bacterial meningitis & brain abscesses.

Front 11

viral infections:

Back 11

herpes simplex, viral meningitis, syphilis. AIDS, HIV

Front 12

dementia in ____ to ____% of AIDS patients in later stages.

Back 12

10-30%

Front 13

Language characteristics (of aphasia):

Back 13

-anomia/circumlocution
-literal/phonemic paraphasias
-semantic (verbal) paraphasias
-neologisms/jargon
-confabulation
-telegraphic (agrammatic) language production
-speech automatisms
-auditory verbal comprehension
-repetition deficits
-disorders of reading (comprehension impairments, impairments in oral reading)
-writing disorders
-dysgraphias
-gestural disorders

Front 14

co-occuring communication disorders:

Back 14

mutism/hypophonia
-dysarthria
-acquired stuttering
-apraxia of speech

Front 15

behavioral sequelae of brain damage:

Back 15

-visual field defect
-unilateral inattention
-confusional state
-memory problems
-amnesia
-retrograde muti-infarct
-visual agnosias
-auditory agnosia
-tactile agnosia
-apraxias
-hallucinations
-depression
-acalculia
-diminished response flexibility

Front 16

task related anomalies:

Back 16

impulsiveness, excessive caution, perseveration, deficient self-monitoring, inability to anticipate errors, delayed responses, sequential ordering deficits.

Front 17

neurological sequelae:

Back 17

-hemiplegia
-pseudobulbar palsy
-hemisensory loss
-visual field deficit
-seizure/epilepsy
-disorders of extra ocular movements

Front 18

approaches to aphasia:

Back 18

information processing & social/functional

Front 19

information processing approach:

Back 19

neoclassical localization, cognitive neuropsychology.

Front 20

social/functional approach:

Back 20

-chronicity
-social approach
-environmental approach
-life participation approach

Front 21

definition of assessment:

Back 21

organized, goal-directed evaluation of the variety of cognitive, linguistic, and pragmatic components of language.

Explores the nature of the language impairment and indicates what aspect of language performance are most appropriate for treatment.

Front 22

aphasia will definitely include ________ impairment, but not always _________ impairment.

Back 22

language, cognitive

Front 23

psychometric criteria:

Back 23

reliability and validity. Informal assessment is rare in information processing approach. Social/functional approach uses both types of tests.

Front 24

Assessment process:

Back 24

I. Data Collection
Reported observation, Direct observations, & nonstandard observations
II. Psychometric considerations: validity, reliability, & standardization
III. Progress/recovery & ethnocultural test considerations
IV: WHO Model
V: Hypothesis formation: aphasia classification & severity classification
Cognitive neuropsychological, psycholinguistic & information processing models.
VI: Hypothesis Testing
VII: Reporting assessment results: SOAP

Front 25

What does PALPA stand for?

Back 25

Psycholinguistic assessment of language in patients with aphasia.

Front 26

goals of assessment:

Back 26

1. determination of presence or absence of aphasia.
2. ID of complicating conditions.
3. Analysis of cognitive and linguistic abilities.
4. functional/social/pragmatic communication assessment.
5. determination of candidacy for and prognosis in treatment.
6. specification and prioritization of treatment goals.

Front 27

right hemisphere damage affects?

Back 27

prosodic components and discourse production. NOT APHASIA.

Front 28

Left hemisphere damage?

Back 28

referred to as aphasia.

Front 29

need to rule out what before diagnosing aphasia:

Back 29

right hemisphere damage, dementia, traumatic brain injury, primary progressive aphasia, psychiatric disorders.

Front 30

complicating conditions:

Back 30

audio & visual sensitivity, auditory and visual agnosia, apraxia, dysarthria, hemiparesis, post-stroke psychobehavioral disorders.

Front 31

agnosia-

Back 31

inability to recognize words, sounds, etc.

Front 32

apraxia-

Back 32

problem with motor engrams (function words (on, off), nonwords.

Front 33

dysarthria-

Back 33

related to site of regions. results from lesions to motor speech systems

Front 34

motor engrams-

Back 34

if you know a word, response becomes automatic.

Front 35

hemiparesis-

Back 35

damage will be to opposite side.

Front 36

aphasia is a _________ disorder of language.

Back 36

primary

Front 37

aphemia-

Back 37

problem in production of a word (articulation disorder).

Front 38

analysis of cognitive linguistic abilities:

Back 38

assessment of cognition, attention, memory, language, executive functions, visuospatial skills.

Front 39

episodic memory:

Back 39

memory used to recall past events.

Front 40

working memory:

Back 40

needed for higher-order language tasks. sequencing info while being processed.

Front 41

semantic memory:

Back 41

storehouse for conceptual knowledge of the world and for facts.

Front 42

procedural memory:

Back 42

used during execution of automatic tasks and related to how an individual physically carries out a previously learned task.

Front 43

how to assess executive functions:

Back 43

must include non-verbal tasks.

Front 44

executive functions are needed to function independently and often include:

Back 44

planning, sequencing tasks, problem solving, reasoning, making judgements.

Front 45

visual perception encompasses:

Back 45

the ability to discriminate, analyze, recognize, and interpret visual stimuli.

Front 46

what to do in functional testing activities:

Back 46

Express ideas, start conversations
Use the phone, make appointments
Understand time, design and follow a schedule
Manage finances, write checks and engage in banking
Shop, make purchases, use coupons
Plan a menu, prepare meals
Read and understand signs, symbols, and maps
Write letters, follow written directions, take orders
Engage in social exchanges, discuss feelings
Engage in leisure activities including use of internet and email
Conduct work-related tasks (as possible), write a resume, complete applications, and more…

Front 47

determination for candidacy for prognosis in therapy:

Back 47

age, gender, education and pre-morbid intelligence.
etiology and type of stroke, time since onset, physical and mental health problems, medications.
language profile, stimulability, personality and social variables.

Front 48

follow ____ model for both assessment and intervention.

Back 48

WHO

Front 49

treatment ultimately must:

Back 49

improve communication and participation in real life.

Front 50

4 areas to consider when planning treatment:

Back 50

patient's impairments, patient's needs, patient's wants, current skills and levels of functioning.

Front 51

functional goals may include:

Back 51

Use the phone for an emergency (call 911)
Speak to convey a message / feelings
Convey basic needs (hunger, fatigue)
Follow simple directions (set alarm clock)
Use money in proper context
Read recipes and carry out in proper order
Engage in social relationships
Enjoy hobbies or family encounters
Keep up with current news (read headlines, watch TV)
Function independently person for a given time to engage in a desired event

Front 52

SOAP notes stands for:

Back 52

subjective, objective, assessment, plan

Front 53

major influences that shaped the consequences-focused approach:

Back 53

-influence of models of disability.
-influence of increased accountability.
-influence of the disability movement/social model.

Front 54

impairment:

Back 54

abnormality of structure or function at the organ level aphasia, hearing impairment)

Front 55

disability:

Back 55

functional consequences of an impairment (communication problems in context of daily life activities)

Front 56

handicap:

Back 56

social consequences of an impairment or disability (isolation, joblessness, dependency, role changes)

Front 57

influence of increased accountability:

Back 57

payers expect significant practical improvements on functional goals.
relationships and self-esteem.

Front 58

influence of disability movement/social model:

Back 58

legislation, policy, awareness of perspectives and priorities of people with disability.

Front 59

functional communication:

Back 59

ability of an individual to communicate in his or her own everyday environment.

"The ability to receive or convey a message, regardless of the mode, to communicate effectively and independently in a givel (natural) environment."

Front 60

chronicity-

Back 60

refers to the long term problem of aphasia (if spontaneous recovery after 12-18 months doesn't happen)

Front 61

life participation approach to aphasia:

Back 61

a consumer-driven-service delivery approach that helps the aphasic clients to achieve their short and long term life goals.
Focuses on consequences of aphasia.
Emphasizes the attainment of re-engagement in life by strengthening daily participation in activities of choice.

Front 62

social approach to communication:

Back 62

aphasia is more than a lesion within the skull; it is also located outside of the person in dynamic relationships with others and in the social community.

Front 63

What is aphasia?

Back 63

Aphasia is an impairment due to brain damage in the formulation and reception of language, often associated with diminished participation in life events and reduced fulfillment of desired social roles

Front 64

principles of social model:

Back 64

Goals of communication: social interaction & transaction of messages
Communication is a flexible, dynamic, multidimensional activity
Emphasizes relevant and natural contexts
Conversation is the primary site of human communication
Focuses on communication as a collaborative achievement
Focus on social and personal consequences of aphasia
Focus on adaptation rather than impairments
Emphasizes the perspectives of the person with aphasia
Embraces qualitative as well as quantitative measures of outcome

Front 65

cognitive neuropsychology is:

Back 65

a multidisciplinary approach to the study of human mental processes.

Front 66

aim of CN assessment:

Back 66

is to explain each person's processing skills and deficits in terms of a model of normal language processing.
also to evaluate models of normal cognition by exploring their success in explaining the precise patterns of performance exhibited by people suffering from disorders of cognition.

Front 67

CN focuses on:

Back 67

differences between people who present with superficially similar disorders. each person studied in depth to ID processing impairments responsible for producing his or her particular pattern of symptoms.

Front 68

lexical processes:

Back 68

phonological input lexicon.

Front 69

postlexical processes:

Back 69

graphemic buffer, oral spelling, written spelling.

Front 70

sub-lexical processes:

Back 70

phoneme-grapheme conversion systems.

Front 71

hemisensory-

Back 71

one side of the body

Front 72

hemisensory loss-

Back 72

problems with gait

Front 73

connectionist's approach to aphasia:

Back 73

aka information processing approach.

Front 74

perisylvian areas related to speech and language:

Back 74

primary auditory cortex, auditory association area, premotor/motor cortex, arcuate fasciculus.

Front 75

brain mechanisms underlying speech and related functions:

Back 75

spontaneous speech, repetition, comprehension of speech, reading, gestural responses, writing and oral reading.

Front 76

perisylvian region includes:

Back 76

anterior language zone and posterior language zone.

Front 77

anterior language zone:

Back 77

left frontal lobe. lesion results in broca's aphasia.

Front 78

posterior language zone:

Back 78

wernicke's area (auditory association cortex). important for storage and retrieval of word meanings and for knowledge and use of grammatical and linguistic rules (wernicke's aphasia).

Front 79

connectionist view flow:

Back 79

wernicke's receives input from heschl's gyrus (perceives and discriminates auditory stimuli).
WA communicates with BA by arcuate fasciculus. linguistic messages formulated in WA reach BA. Angular gyrus important for reading and writing.

Front 80

wernicke's area does what for words?

Back 80

finds meanings of words in the message

Front 81

spontaneous speech:

Back 81

W's area receives words from mental lexicon, constructs sentences in accordance to linguistic rules, then sends sentences to B's area via the AF. B's area translates it into action plan and sends it to PMC. PMC issues motor command to speech systems.

Front 82

Repetition:

Back 82

PAC,W,B,PMC,LMN (lower motor neuron)

Front 83

oral reading:

Back 83

VC (visual cortex),W,B,PMC,LMN

Front 84

spontaneous writing:

Back 84

W,PreMC,PMC,LMN & monitoring.

Front 85

gestural responses to spoken commands:

Back 85

W,PreMC,PMC,LMN

Front 86

basic assumptions of CA include:

Back 86

LH dominance for language.

Front 87

Cortical aphasia syndromes:

Back 87

Broca's,
Wernicke's,
Conduction,
Anomic,
Transcortical sensory,
Transcortical motor,
Global

Front 88

Subcortical aphasia syndromes:

Back 88

Anterior capsular/putaminal,
Posterior capsular/putaminal,
Global capsular/putiminal,
Thalamic

Front 89

tests related to localization approach:

Back 89

BDAE, Western aphasia battery

Front 90

tests related to the neurolingusitics approach:

Back 90

VAST

Front 91

connectionistic classification:

Back 91

rigid system that can only be supported by clinical observation only during a given phase of the participant's recovery. Does NOT explain for differential recovery rates of different components of syndromes.

Front 92

The Aphasia Diagnostic Profile (ADP) is?

Back 92

allows systematic typing of aphasia syndromes: global, wernicke's, broca's conduction, transcortical motor, transcortical sensory, anomic, and mixed.

Front 93

ADP 5 profiles?

Back 93

Classification,
Aphasia,
Error,
Alternative communication,
Behavioral.