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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a large, complex organization composed of appointed officials
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bureaucracy
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an economic theory that government should not regulate or interfere with commerce
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laissez-faire
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the extent to which appointed bureaucrats can choose courses of action and make policies that are not spelled out in advance by laws
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discretionary authority
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the government offices to which people are appointed on the basis of merit, as ascertained by a written exam or by applying certain selection criteria
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competitive service
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a job that is filled by a person whom an agency has already identified
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name-request job
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a close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group
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iron triangle
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a network of people in Washington DC- based interest groups, on congressional staffs, in universities and think tanks, and in the mass media, who regularly discuss and advocate public policies
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issue network
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legislative permission to begin or continue a government program or agency
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authorization legislation
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a legislative grant of money to finance a government program or agency
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appropriation
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funds for government programs that are collected and spent outside the regular government budget
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trust funds
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funds for government programs that are collected and spent outside the regular government budget
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trust funds
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the ability of congressional committee to review and approve certain agency decisions in advance without passing a law
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committee clearance
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the authority of Congress to block a presidential action after it has taken place. The Supreme Court has held that Congress does not have this power
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legislative veto
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complex bureaucratic rules and procedures that must be followed to get something done
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red tape
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What has the Constitution said about bureaucracy?
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Almost nothing
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What was the original role of bureuacracy?
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To serve not regulate
Power of regulation can only be given to them by Congress |
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What are the three areas of power for bureacracies?
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Paying subsidies
Transferring money from federal to state to local levels Devising and enforcing regulation |
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Who gives the written test for a recommendation into the bureaucracy?
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Office of Personal Management (OPM)
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Why is the OPM referral no longer needed?
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It was not relevant and was difficult
OPM didn't take professionals into account, professionals are needed had to change racial composition |
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What are the exceptions to the new methods of selecting government employees?
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Presidential appointments
Schedule appointments Noncareer executive assignments |
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What has the merit system caused?
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outrage over the spoils system
fear of Democrat anti-spoils wave |
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Can a President fire a bureaucrat that was not appointed by him?
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No
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What is the difference between government and private businesses?
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The government has a larger number of constituents
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What is the biggest constraint in bureaucracy?
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No job belongs to any single agency
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Why are there less iron triangles now?
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Because there are more interest groups
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What kind of supervision does Congress have on Bureaucracy?
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-No agency may exist without Congress approval
-no money spent without authorization -funds may not be spent no matter what unless appropriated |
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What are five major problems with bureaucracy?
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red tape, conflict, duplication, imperialism, and waste
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Why does conflict appear between agencies?
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The agencies have cross purposes
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What is duplication in bureacracy?
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Two agencies do the same thing
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What is imperialism in bureaucracy?
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Agencies grow without care to cost
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What is waste in bureaucracy?
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Spending more than needed
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Why do the major problems within bureaucracy exist?
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To control the agencies
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What is the latest attempt to reform the bureaucracy?
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National Performance Review (NPR)
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What are 5 examples for constraints?
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Administrative Procedure Act
Freedom of Information Act National Environmental Policy Act Privacy Act Open Meeting Law |
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Before adopting a nw rule or policy, an agency must give notice, solicit comments, and (often) hold hearings
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Administrative Procedure Act
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citizens have the right to inspect all government records except those containing military, intelligence, or trade secrets or revealing private personnel actions
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Freedom of Infomation Act
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Before undertaking any major action affecting the environment, an agency must issue an environmental impact statement
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National Environment Policy Act
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Government files about individuals, such as Social Security and tax records, must be kept confidential
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Privacy Act
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Every part of every agency meeting must be open to the public unless certain matters (for example, military or trade secrets) are being discussed
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Open Meeting Law
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What is original jurisdiction for Supreme Court?
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Cases involving:
-two or more states -the US and a state -Foreign ambassadors and other diplomats -A state and a citizen of a different state |
