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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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series, or log, of discussion items on a page of the World Wide Web
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blog
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a radio or video clip of someone speaking
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sound bite
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an FCC rule that if a broadcaster sells time to one candidate, it must sell equal time to other candidates
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equal time
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information leaked to the media to test public reaction to a possible policy
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trial balloon
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words that imply a value judgement, used to persuade a reader without having made a serious argument
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loaded language
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media stories about events that are regularly covered by reporters
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routine stories
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media stories about events that, though public, are not regularly covered by reporters
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feature stories
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media stories about events that are not usually made public
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insider stories
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paying attention only to those news stories with which one already agrees
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selective attention
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the tendency of the national media to be suspicious of officials and eager to reveal unflattering stories about them
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adversarial press
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a public official's statement to a reporter that is given on condition that the official not be named
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background
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A newspaper can't be required to give someone a right to reply to one of its stories
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Miami Herald vs. Toronto
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How do we know that the information given through the media is correct?
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The Internet and television check each other's news
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How free is the press in the US?
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It's the freest in the world, also libel laws are much looser than in other countries
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What are two limits to the newspaper?
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Must make a profit
Media bias |
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Describe the Party Press era.
How did it become what it was? |
Political parties controlled the press because circulation was small and expensive, so only elites could afford it. At this time it was mostly elites that were into politics
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Describe the Popular Press era. How did it become what it was?
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Was the rise of self-supporting press and daily mass-readership. This was all due to the introduction of the high-rotary press.
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Describe Magazines of Opinion and how they came to be.
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Magazines of opinion were mass-circulated newspapers by local publishers. They came from the growing middles class repelled by "yellow journalism" and also wanted reform.
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What is the advantage to politicians of electronic journalism?
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They can speak directly to the audience without filters
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What is the disadvantage to politicians of electronic journalism?
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People can ignore it and it is also expensive.
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How are talk shows preferable to talking heads in a politician's opinion?
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There is a more easygoing atmosphere.
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What is the ultimate free market for political news?
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The internet
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Where can you raise the most money in terms of media?
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The internet
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What is it called when two newspapers merge on the business side but keep their editorial independence?
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joint operating agreement
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Which form of media is intensely competitive?
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Radio and TV
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In the US, is the press locally or federally managed?
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locally
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What group(s) provide all national news?
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Associated Press and United Press International
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What is the gatekeeper's role in National Media?
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can influence what becomes national political issues
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What is the scorekeeper's role in National Media?
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keep track of and make political candidiates. Also decides who is winning.
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What is the watchdog's role in National Media?
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put close scrutiny on the candidate
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What is the watchdog's opinion on candidates?
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Tolerant on underdogs and tough on frontrunners
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What is the least competitive form of media?
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big city newspapers
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Do reporters believe in confidentiality of sources?
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Yes
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Is confidentiality of sources to a reporter applicable in court?
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No, in order to have a fair trial, even reporters must be compelled to produce the documents
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Can police search a reporter's office for documental evidence?
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No, they can only subpoena required documents unless it is a special case.
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Who must get a license to broadcast? From where do they get it? How often must the license be renewed?
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Radio and TV. FCC. 5 years for radio, 7 years for TV
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Which is the most deregulated: radio or tv?
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Radio
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Does the equal time rule affect candidates campaigning on tv and radio?
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Yes, must provide equal access and no higher than the cheapest price applicable.
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What are the views of the memebers of the media?
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Most are liberal, more so than the average citizen. More tend to be secular.
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Are talk shows conservative or liberal?
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conservative
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Do the beliefs of the national media affect how they report the news?
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Yes.Press philosophy in the US is to be neutral and objective. But it is difficult to see if this is achieved.
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What are the three kinds of stories?
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Routine, feature, and insider
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How do these stories reflect the writer?
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routine- reflect editor but is neutral
feature and insider- relect reporter |
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Does what the media write or say influence how their readers and viewers think? Why?
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Probably. Some get influenced and others don't. It depends on selective attention.
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Who was the first president to cultivate media?
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Theodore Roosevelt
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Why doe we have so many news leaks?
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Our government has so many branches and they all compete for power by getting attention from the press.
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Does America have news leaks?
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America has the most leaks in the world.
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What event(s) caused a distrust between the press and politicians?
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Vietnam War and Watergate Scandal
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Are negative attacking ads effective?
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Yes it makes the opposition lose votes but at the same time decreases voter turnout.
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When a source is quoted by name.
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on the record
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When a source can't be used
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off the record
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When a source is anonymous
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on background
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When a source is not only anonymous but also not mentioned as being from a source at all
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on deep background
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