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15 Cards in this Set
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Second Industrial Revoltuion |
A revolution associating with chemicals, electricity, steel, and oil. Europe, but started in Great Britain 19th century The economic expansion of the third quarter of the century involved the spread of industries similar to those pioneered earlier in Great Britain. There became quicker processes to make steel with the Bessemer Process, electricity was invented, automobiles were invented, and chemicals permitted increased production of many everyday things. |
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Petite Bourgeoisie |
Lower middle class in 19th century Europe Europe 19th century "White-collar workers" who formed the lower middle class, including secretaries, retail clerks, and lower-level bureaucrats in business and government. They often had working class origins and might belong to unions, but had middle class aspirations and consciously sought to distance themselves from a lower class lifestyle. |
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Baron Georges Haussmann |
He oversaw a vast urban reconstruction program in Paris. France 1809-1891 Napoleon III was personally determined to redesign Paris, so he appointed this person to complete the task. Even when Napoleon III was overthrown, he still continued the process of reconstructing Paris. |
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Millicent Fawcett |
She led the moderate National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. Britain 1847-1929 She believed Parliament would grant women the vote only if it were convinced they would be respectable and responsible in their political activity. She and her National Union could rally almost half a million women in London, and her tactics were those of English liberals. |
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Emmeline Pankhurst |
She led the Women's Social and Political Union. Britain 1858-1928 She was more radical, and lobbied publicly and privately for extending the vote to women. She and her union turned to violent tactics of arson, breaking windows, and sabotage of postal boxes, also marching en masse on Parliament. |
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Anti-Semitism |
The hatred or mistreatment of Jews. Europe, mostly Russia, also Germany and France 2nd half of the 19th century Jews endured legalized persecution and discrimination that haunted them so. They believed their communities would remain safe under the liberal legal protections that had been extended during the century, but it was truly wrong int eh 1930s and 1940s. |
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The Fabian Society |
The most influential socialist group in Britain. Britain Founded in 1884 Believed the problems of industry, the expansion of ownership, and the state direction of production could be solved and achieved gradually, peacefully, and democratically. Sought to educate the country about the rational wisdom of socialism. |
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Opportunism |
The belief that participation by socialists in cabinets was okay. Europe 19th-20th century France rejected opportunism because it was the opposite of revisionism, the belief opposite of opportunism. The Amsterdam Congress of the Second International debated this issue. |
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Revisionism |
Belief that there should be no contact whatsoever with the cabinet. Europe 19th-20th century These people who believed in this argued that evolution toward social democracy might be possible in liberal, parliamentary Britain, but not in authoritarian, militaristic Germany. Created by Eduard Bernstein, generated heated debate among German socialists, who finally condemned them. |
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Kulaks |
Many free peasants with too little land to support their families had to work on large estates owned by nobles or for more prosperous peasant farmers, known as this. Russia 19th century Peasants did not own their land as individuals, but communally through the mir, or village. They farmed the land inefficiently through strip farming or by tilling small plots. |
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Zemstvos |
Local councils. Russia 19th century The Constitutional Democratic Party, or Cadets, drew its members from those who participated in these things. Modeling themselves on the liberal parties of Western Europe, the Cadets wanted a constitutional monarchy under a parliamentary regime with civil liberties and economic progress. |
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Vladimir Lenin |
Leader of the communist revolution in Russia Russia (1857-1918) He was arrested many times and then exiled to Siberia, then afterwards, he left Russia for the West. He believed that revolutionary consciousness would not arise spontaneously from the working class. |
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Bloody Sunday |
The day when a priest led several hundred workers to present a petition to the tsar to improve industrial conditions. Russia January 22 The Winter Palace troops opened fire, killing about 40 people and wounding hundreds of others. Angry crowds gathered elsewhere in the city, and the military shot more people, making the final death/injured toll about 200, and 800 wounded. |
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Duma |
Created by Nicholas II, a creation of a representative body, with 2 chambers. Russia 19th century Nicholas II reserved to himself the ministerial appointments, financial policy, and military and foreign affairs. When the council appointed people the tsar didn't approve of, Nicholas II dissolved it and called for a new election. |
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Revolution of 1905 |
Strikes broke out in St. Petersburg, and worker groups (soviets) took control of the city. Russia End of 19th-20th century Nicholas II promised a constitutional government in the October Manifesto. Nicholas II and his prime minister repressed rebellions and sought to appease the peasantry. |
