Apesendreview

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abiotic

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pertaining to factors or things that are separate and independent from living things; nonliving

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abortion

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the termination of a pregnancy by some form of surgical or medicinal intervention

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absolute poverty

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the lack of sufficient income in cash or exchange items for meeting the most basic human needs for food, clothing, and shelter

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acid

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any compound that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Also, a water solution that contains a surplus of hydrogen ions.

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acid deposition

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any form of acid precipitation and also fallout of dry acid particles

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acid precipitation

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includes acid rain, acid fog, acid snow and any other form of precipitation that is more acidic than normal (i.e., less that pH 5.6) excess acidity is derived from certain air pollutants, namely, sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen

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activated sludge

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sludge made up of clumps of living organisms feeding on detritus that settles out and is recycled in the process of secondary wastewater treatment

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activated sludge system

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a system for removing organic wastes from water. The system uses microorganisms and active aeration to decompose such wastes. The system is used most as a means of secondary sewage treatment following the primary settling of materials

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active safety features

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those safety features of nuclear reactors that rely on operator-controlled reactions, external power sources, and other features that are capable of failing

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adaptation

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an ecological or evolutionary change in structure or function that enables and organism to adjust better to its environment and hence enhances that organism's ability to survive and reproduce

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adiabatic cooling

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the cooling that occurs when warm air rises and encounters lower atmospheric pressure. Adiabatic warming is the opposite process, whereby cool air descends and encounters higher pressure

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adsorption

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the process whereby chemicals (ions or molecules) stick to the surface of other materials

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aeration

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Soil: the exchange within the soil of oxygen and carbon dioxide necessary for the respiration of roots.
Water: the bubbling of air or oxygen through water to increase the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water.

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aerosols

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Microscopic liquid and solid particles origination from land and water surfaces and carried up into the atmosphere

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affluenza

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a term used to describe a dysfunctional relationship with wealth or money

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Agenda 21

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a definitive program to promote sustainable development that was produced by the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and adopted by the U.N. General Assembly

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age structure

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within a population, the different proportons of people who are old, middle aged, young adults, and children

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AID

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the U.S. Agency for International Development, the development arm of the U.S. State Department responsible for administering international aid from the United States

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AIDS

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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a fatal disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and transmitted by sexual contact or the use of non sterile needles (as in drug addiction)

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air pollution disaster

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short-term situation in industrial cities in which intense industrial smog brings about a significant increase in human mortality