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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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External cost |
"True" cost, often unseen, ex: pollution > negative health effects. |
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Anthropogenic |
Human impact on the environment |
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Economic |
Money |
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Environmental |
A living or non-living part of the earth that provides resources or services. |
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Ecological |
Interactions between organisms and each other or their environment |
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Metric prefixes and values |
Kilo (1000) hecto (100) deka (10) deci (0.1) centi (0.01) milli (0.001) |
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Conservation |
Allowing the use of resources in a responsible manner. |
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Preservation |
Setting aside areas and protecting them from human activities |
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Keystone species |
Species whose role in an ecosystem are more important than others |
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Indicator species |
Species that serve as early warning that an ecosystem is being damaged |
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Charachteristics of endangered species |
Small range, large territory, or live on an island. |
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Endangered species |
A group of organisms in danger of becoming extinct if the situation is not improved |
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Invasive/Alien/exotic |
Non native species to an area; often thrive and disrupt the ecosystem balance. |
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Island biogeography |
Species composition on islands |
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Parts of the hydrologic cycle |
Evaporation, transpiration, runoff, condensation, precipitation, infiltration |
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Nitrogen fixing |
Because atmospheric N2 cannot be used directly by plants it must first ve converted into ammonia by bacteria. |
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Ammonification |
Nitrogen is converted into ammonia by ammonifying bacteria |
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Nitrification |
Ammonia is converted to nitrate ions |
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Assimilation |
Inorganic N2 is converted into organic molecules such as DNA/amino acids and proteins |
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Denitrificatiom |
Bacteria convert nitrate and nitrite beack into N2 gas |
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Phosphorus does not circulate as easily as nitrogen because: |
It does not exist as a gas |
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How excess phosphorus is added to aquatic systems |
Runoff of animal wastes, fertilizer, discharge of sewage |
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Photosynthesis |
Plants convert atmospheric carbon into advanced carbohydrates. |
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Aerobic respiration |
O2-consuming producers, consumers, and decomposers |
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Anaerobic respiration |
Break down of carbohydrates without oxygen |
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Transpiration |
Process where water is absorbed by plant roots |
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Largest reserviors of carbon |
Rocks first, oceans second |
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Sustainability |
The ability to meet the current needs of humanity withiut cimpromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. |
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The tragedy of the commons |
Global commons such as atmosphere and oceans are used by all and none |
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Natural selection |
Organisms the possess favorable adaptations |
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Energy flow |
10% of the usable energy is used as heat. |
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Biotic and abiotic |
Living and non living component of an ecosystem |
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Competition |
A type of population interaction, usually over a limited resource. |
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Producer |
Photosynthetic or chemosythetic life |
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Chemotroph |
Organism undergoing chemosynthesis |
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Primary succession |
Development of communities in a lifeless area not previously inhabited |
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Secondary succession |
Life progresses where soil remains |
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Mutualism |
Symbiotic relationship where both partners benefit |
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Commensalism |
Symbiotic relationship where only one partner is benefited |
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Parasitism |
Relationship in which one partner obtains nutrients at the expense of the host |
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Biome |
Large distinct terrestial region |
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Carrying capacity |
The number of individuals |
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R strategist |
Reproduce early in life |
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K strategist |
Reproduce late in life |
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Levels of organization |
Species, populations, communities, and ecosystems |
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Doubling time |
Rule of 70 |
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Growth rate |
(B+i)-(d+e)÷population |
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Replacement level fertility |
The number of children a couple must have to replace themselves |
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Total fertility rate |
Average number of children born |
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World population |
7.3 billion |
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Immigration and emmigration |
Entering and leaving |
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Preindustrial stage |
Birth and death rates high |
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Transitional stage |
Death rate lower |
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Industrual stage |
Decline in birth rate |
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Postindustrial stage |
Low birth and death rates |
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Age structure diagrams |
Broad base=rapid growth |
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Major age cohorts |
Reproductives (pre and post) |
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Most populated countries |
1. China 2. India 3. Usa |
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Most important thing affecting population growth |
Low status of women |
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Ways to decrease birth rate |
Improve status of women |
