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8 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Fire Ant:
A stinging insect that is distinguished by its copper head. |
Numbers: There are over 280 species worldwide.
Pathway: fire ants only bite to get a grip and then sting (from the abdomen) and inject a toxic alkaloid venom called Solenopsin, a compound from the class of piperidines. This can kill sensitive individuals. The stings turn into bumps which turn into pustules, but will fade after a few days. Prevention: Phorid flys are natural predators of the ant and have been introduced througout the southwest US. |
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Cotton Boll Weevil:
is a beetle measuring an average length of six millimeters, which feeds on cotton buds and flowers |
Numbers: It has cost US cotton farmers 13 billion dollars, which is about 300 million per year.
Pathway: Enter cotton fields in spring and summer and lay eggs in the cotton bulbs. This destroys the cotton. Prevention: Pesticides such as DDT have led to its decline, the introduction of natural predators such as the fire ant has also helped to control popultions. |
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Hessian Fly:
A significant pest of cereal crops. |
Numbers: Female lays 250 to 300 eggs at one time.
Pathway: Lays eggs on the plant in such a way that they cannot bear grain. It also eats the stem of plants. Prevention: Insecticieds are not recomended because of the diffucultly in timing them the sprying with the fly's life cycle. Crop rotation and reduction of other vegitation can also help to limit numbers. |
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Colorado Potato Beelte:
A beetle that commonly feeds on potatoes or squash. |
Numbers: There are about 800 eggs laid at one time. There are usually about three generations per growing season.
Pathway: The beetles feed upon potatoes and foliage and can completely eat an entire plant. Prevention: Insecticides are the prefered method to eliminate the beetle, however there is so much resistance that pathogenic fungi are more commonly used. |
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male medfly:
A fruit fly capable of wreaking damage on a large range of crops. |
Pathway: They are often transported in fruit and are often shipped all over the world in containers of fruit. They lay their eggs underneath the skins of the fruit.
Prevention: These can be controlled using typical methods, pesticide spraying, releasing sterile males, and destroying infected fruit. |
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gypsy moth and parasitic wasp:
Introduced into North America in the 1860's and has been expanding its range. |
Numbers: A single complete defoliation by gypsy moths can kill between 50 and 90% of hardwood trees.
Pathway: They defoliate trees for food and lay eggs in the trees over the winter. Prevention: Avoiding stress on trees can help them fight off the gypsy moths, certain flies, mice, and birds are also effective at eliminating the populations of moths. Low doses of pesticides are also used. |
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crab grass:
A common lawn pest distingushed by the long fingers they project. |
Numbers: There are about three hundred genus' of crab grass.
Pathway: It germinates constantly and outcompetes other native grasses for water and space. Prevention: There are many types of herbicides that are very effective against these grasses. |
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brown planthopper:
An insect that often looks like a leaf which feeds on the plants. |
Pathway: The increase in nitrogen fertilizer and insecticides has killed natural predators and increased the numbers of planthoppers. They eat rice plants.
Prevention: There are many pesticides in use, but the use of spiders is also effective in reducing popluations |
