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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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(sandstone, limestone)- forms from the sediment produced when existing rocks are weathered and eroded into small pieces, then transported by water, wind, or gravity to downstream, downwind or downhill sites.
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sedimentary rock
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(granite, pumice, lava rock, basalt)- forms below or on the earth’s surface when molten rock (magma) wells up from the earth’s upper mantle or deep crust, cools, and hardens.
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igneous rock
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(slate, marble, quartzite)- forms when a preexisting rock is subjected to high temperatures (which may cause it to melt partially). High pressures, chemically active fluids, or a combination of these agents.
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metamorphic rock
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involves the breakdown of rocks and soils through direct contact with atmospheric conditions, such as heat, water, ice and pressure.
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physical weathering
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involves the direct effect of atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals (also known as biological weathering) in the breakdown of rocks, soils and minerals.
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chemical weathering
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ex of Physical weathering ?
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wind, rain, thermal expansion, and contraction water freezing
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ex of Chemical weathering ?
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water acids and gases
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ex of Biological weathering ?
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tree roots and lichens
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Wearing Down and Building Up the Earth’s Surface
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Weathering
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huge rigid plates that are moved with convection cells or currents by floating on Magma.
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Tectonic plate
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Less dense and More dense
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Less- continental
More- oceanic |
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Law of conservation of Matter
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matter can be changed from one from to another, but never created nor destroyed,
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1st law of thermo dynamics
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energy cannot be created on destroyed- its changes from one form to another.
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2nd law of thermo dynamics
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as energy is changed from one form to another some is “lost” as heat
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a type of respiration in which foodstuffs (normal carbohydrates) are partly oxidized with the chemical energy released, and in the process there is no involvement of atmosphere oxygen.
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Anaerobic respiration
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nitrogen
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below 4ppm
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phosphorus
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below .03ppm
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PH
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about 6-8.6
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E. COLI
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less than 230-235 colonies/100ml
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Mollisols
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fertile soils with deep A horizon; best agriculture soils
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Oxisols
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iron and aluminum oxides in B horizon; little O horizon (due to rapid decomposition); poor agriculture soils
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Alfisols
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: well-developed O, A, E, and B horizons; suitable for agriculture if supplemented
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Aridisols
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: little vertical structure; thin, lightly colored, and unsuitable for sustainable agriculture
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Spodosol
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commonly found in cool, moist environments under coniferous forest vegetation.
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Splash erosion
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impact of falling raindrops breaks up the clumpy structure of topsoil
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Sheet erosion
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running water carries off the fine particles on the soil surface
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Gully erosion
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water volume and velocity carries away large quantities of soil, causing gullies
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