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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Agriculture |
Practice of raising crops and live stock for human use and consumption |
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Bedrock |
Solid rock compressing the earths crust |
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Clay |
A natural earthy material that is plastic when wet, earth/ mud |
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Conservation Districts |
Operate with federal direction authorization and funding -Organized by the states |
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Conservation Reserve Program |
Farmers are paid to put high erodible land in conservation reserves -trees and grasses are planted instead of crops |
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Conservation Tillage |
Reduces amount of tilling -leaves at least 30% of crops residues in the field |
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Contour Farming |
Plowing perpendicular across a hill -prevents rills and gullies |
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Crop Rotation |
Growing different crops from one year to the next -returns nutrients to soil -prevents erosion, reduces pests |
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Cropland |
Land used to raise plants for human use |
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Desertification |
A loss of more than 10% productivity -climate change |
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Erosion |
Removal of material from one place to another -by wind or water |
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Fertilizer |
Substances containing essential nutrients |
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Green Revolution |
an increase in food production, especially in underdeveloped and developing nations, through the introduction of high-yield crop varieties and application of modern agricultural techniques. |
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Horizon |
Each layer of soil -soil can have up to 6 horizons
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Industrial Agriculture |
Places huge demands on land -Degradation occurs slowly |
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Intercropping |
Planting different crops in alternating bands -increases ground cover |
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Irrigation |
Artificially providing water to support agriculture |
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Land Degradation |
A decline in quality and productivity -from deforestation, agriculture, over grazing |
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Leaching |
Dissolved particles move down through horizon -some materials in drinking water are hazardous |
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Loam |
Soil with an even mixture of the 3 -affects how easy air and water travel through soil |
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Monoculture |
The use of land for only growing one type of crop |
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Natural Resources Conservation Service |
Includes water quality protection and pollution control -1994 |
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Overgrazing |
Too many animals eat too much of the plant cover -impedes plant regrowth
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Parent Material |
Base geologic material of soil -lava, volcanic ash, rock, dunes |
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Rangeland (pasture) |
land used for grazing livestock |
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Salinization |
Build up of salt in surface soil layers -worse in arid areas |
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Sand |
the more or less fine debris of rocks, consisting of small, loose grains,often of quartz. |
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Shelterbelts (Wind Breaks) |
Rows of trees planted along edges of fields -slows the wind -combined with intercropping |
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Silt |
earthy matter, fine sand, or the like carried by moving or running waterand deposited as a sediment. |
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Soil |
A complex plant-supporting system -consists of disintegrated rock, organic matter, water, gases nutrients, and micro organisms -can be depleted |
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Soil Profile |
The cross section of soil as a whole
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Terracing |
Level platforms cut into steep hill sides |
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Topsoil |
Inorganic + organic material, most nutrient |
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Traditional Agriculture |
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Waterlogging |
Over irrigated soils -water suffocates roots |
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Weathering |
Processes that form soil -physical- wind, water -Chemical-parent material is chemically changed |
