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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
-species equilibrium model
-theory of island biogeography
balance between
1) rate at which two species immigrate
2) rate at which existing species become extinct on the island
determines the number of different species found on an island
native species
species that normally live and thrive in a particular community
-nonnative species
-invasive species
-alien species
species that evolved outside a particular community then migrated or deliberately/accidentally introduced into that community
indicator species
species that serve as early warnings of damage or danger to a community
keystone species
species that hold a community together because of its important ecological niches
interspecific competition
a competitve interaction between species for shared or scarce resources
resource partitioning
occurs when species competing for similar scarce resources evolve more specialized traits that allow them to use shared resources at different times, in different ways or different places
predation
interaction between species where one species (the predator) feed directly on all or part of a living organism another species (the prey)
parasitism
interaction between species where one species (the parasite) feeds on another part of an organism (the host), usually by living in or on the host; the parasite benefits, the host is harmed
mutualism
species interaction beneficial for both species; exploitation of each other
commensalism
species interaction in which one species benefits while the other receives little to no effect
ecological succession
the gradual change in species composition of a given area
primary successsion
involves the gradual establishment of biotic communities on nearly lifeless ground

(e.g. rock exposed by glacier, severe soil erosion, newly cooled lava, abandoned hwy/lot)
secondary succession
involves biotic communities establishing in an area where some type of biotic community is already present
pioneer species
wind-dispersed species (lichens, moss) that attach themselves to bare rock; serve as base of biotic life for primary succession
early successional plant species
-grow close to the ground
-establish large populations quickly under harsh conditions
-short lives
-roots penetrate the rock, forming more soil particles
-serve as nutrients when waste/dead decompose
mid-successional plant species
-plant species that follow early successional plants thousands of years later
-low-lying shrubs, herbs
-soil deep and fertile enough to support these species
-replaced by trees that need lots of sun
late successional plant species
trees that can tolerate shade, replace trees that need lots of sun
disturbance
change in environmental conditions that disrupts a community or ecosystem
-inertia
-persistence
the ability of a living system to resist being disturbed or altered
constancy
the ability of a living system such as a population to keep its numbers within the limits imposed by available resources
resilience
the ability of a living system to repair damage after an external disturbance that is not too drastic
complexity
the number of species in a community (species richness) at each trophic levels in a community
precautionary principle
not taking risks when not enough information is available