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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Threshold |
Dose below which no toxic effects are observed and/or above where the lethal effects are apparent |
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LD50 graph |
0.07% |
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Threshold graph |
0.002% |
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Extend to humans frq + |
Since there is evidence of a dose effect on brine shrimp, there may be a dose effect for humans. These results can be estimated (mathmatically) and applied to humans. |
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Extend to humans - |
Laboratory conditions don't necessarily reflect actual conditions. There's too great of a difference in anatomy, size, and exposure to toxins. |
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Law managing chemicals |
Toxic Substances Control Act |
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Measure safety of water for fish |
Dissolved oxygen test |
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What has more global warming: icy land or grassy? |
Grassy; icy reflects light&heat |
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What goes up as decomposer populations increase? |
Biological oxygen demand |
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NEPA |
Law passed by EPA; Called National Environmental Protection Act |
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EIS |
Statement required by NEPA by EPA to first check impact on environment |
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Human population grows _ |
Exponentially |
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Nonrenewable resource |
Take millions of years to form: metal, minerals, fossil fuels |
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Renewable resource |
Replaced by nature fairly rapidly: sun, wind, soil, fresh water, tide |
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Sustainable yield |
Maximum number of resources you can take without reducing available supply |
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Environmental degradation |
Use of resources exceeds natural replenishment rates, supply shrinks |
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Indicators of human health |
Life expectancy and infant mortality rate |
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Lake Apopka alligators |
Endocrine disruptors mimic estrogen forcing male alligators to be unable to reproduce |
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Endocrine disruptors |
Heavy metals, DDT, dioxins, phthalates |
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Deep ecology |
Humans and nature have equal worth |
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Western worldview |
Humans are dominant and superior to nature |
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3 ways to reduce pollution |
Education, passing laws, full cost pricing |
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External cost |
Negative effects not paid for by the industry that creates them |
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Lake Washington |
Phosphorus causes algae bloom which causes death of fish which causes drop of dissolved oxygen due to increase of decomposers which causes hypoxia |
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Gulf of Mexico |
fertilizer runoff from farms flows down Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico causing hypoxia |
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1800's forests |
For selfish use and enjoyment |
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1960 |
Rachel Carson write Silent Spring about DDT |
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1970 |
Begin environmental regulations |
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Persistence |
Man made chemical lasts very long instead of decomposing |
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Bioaccumulation |
Toxin accumulates in fatty tissue |
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Biomagnification |
Higher concentration of toxin as you go up the food chain |
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People overpopulation |
Environment is worsening because of too many people |
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Consumption overpopulation |
Environment is worsening because of consumption oriented lifestyles |
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Thermal expansion |
As water warms up, it expands |
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Increase of CO2 |
Deforestation and burning of fossil fuels |
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Mountain top removal |
Use explosives to reach coal buried in mountain, chemicals run downhill |
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Addivity |
Reach expected outcome |
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Synergy |
Reach outcome larger than expected |
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Antagonism |
Reach outcome smaller than expected |
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Light vs Heat |
Light goes through greenhouse gases while heat is trapped bouncing from surface of earth |
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Sources of N2O |
Fossil fuel burning, chemical use, fertilizer use |
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Sources of CH4 |
Cow farts, rice paddies, landfills |
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Mitigation |
Lower greenhouse gases to moderate global climate change |
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IPCC |
Intergovernment Panel on Climate Change |
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NOAA |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
