Apbio - Review - Plants

Front 1

Two types of seeded plants

Back 1

Gymnosperms and angiosperms

Front 2

Conifers

Back 2

Gymnosperms

Front 3

Flowering plants

Back 3

Angiosperms

Front 4

Two groups of angiosperms

Back 4

Monocots and dicots

Front 5

Pattern of veins in leaves in dicots

Back 5

Netted (a branching pattern)

Front 6

Pattern of veins in leaves in monocots

Back 6

Parallel

Front 7

Flower parts in dicots

Back 7

In 4s, 5s, or multiples thereof

Front 8

Flower parts in monocots

Back 8

Scattered

Front 9

Form of root in dicots

Back 9

Taproot (single large root)

Front 10

Form of root in monocots

Back 10

Fibrous system (cluster of many roots)

Front 11

Major groups of plant tissue (3)

Back 11

Ground, Dermal, Vascular

Front 12

Three kinds of ground tissue

Back 12

Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

Front 13

Most common ground tissue, thin walls and do storage, photosyn, and secretion

Back 13

Parenchyma

Front 14

Thick but flexible walls, serve mechanical support functions

Back 14

Collenchyma

Front 15

Thicker walls than collenchyma, also provide mechanical support functions

Back 15

Sclerenchyma

Front 16

Consists of epidermis cells that cover the outside of plant parts

Back 16

Dermal tissue

Front 17

Dermal tissue guard cells that surround this

Back 17

Stomata

Front 18

The epidermal cells secret this waxy protective substance

Back 18

Cuticle

Front 19

Major kinds of tissues in Vascular tissue

Back 19

Xylem + Phloem

Front 20

Two types of xylem cells

Back 20

Tracheids and Vessel members

Front 21

Functions in the conduction of sugars

Back 21

Phloem

Front 22

Make up phloem

Back 22

Sieve-tube members

Front 23

Top portion of the embryo, becomes shoot tip

Back 23

Epicotyl

Front 24

Seeds consist of these 3 things

Back 24

Embryo, seed coat, storage material (like endosperm or cotyledons)

Front 25

Young leaves attached to epicotl

Back 25

Plumule

Front 26

Becomes the young shoot

Back 26

Hypocotyl

Front 27

Develops into the root

Back 27

Radicle

Front 28

Sheath that protects the epicotyl

Back 28

Coleoptile

Front 29

Begins germination

Back 29

Imbibition of water

Front 30

Where are apical meristems?

Back 30

Tips of roots and shoots

Front 31

Protects the apical meristem behind it

Back 31

Root tip (root cap)

Front 32

The dividing cells of the apical meristem for the zone of _____ _____

Back 32

Cell division

Front 33

Newly formed cells absorb water and elongate, forming the next region, the zone of _____

Back 33

Elongation

Front 34

This zone is responsible for our perception of growth

Back 34

Zone of elongation

Front 35

Meristematic growth is known as _____ growth

Back 35

Primary

Front 36

What growth do conifers and woody dicots undergo

Back 36

Secondary growth

Front 37

The two lateral meristems where secondary growth occurs

Back 37

Vascular cambium and the cork cambium

Front 38

The cork cambium gives rise to the _____

Back 38

Periderm

Front 39

Protective material that lines the outside of woody plants

Back 39

Periderm

Front 40

Lines the outer surface of the root

Back 40

Epidermis

Front 41

In the zone of maturation, epidermal cells produce _____ _____

Back 41

Root hairs

Front 42

Makes up the bulk of the root

Back 42

Cortex

Front 43

Ring of tightly packed cells at the innermost portion of the cortex

Back 43

Endodermis

Front 44

This band of fatty material impregnates the endodermal cell walls where they make contact with adjacent endodermal cell walls

Back 44

Suberin

Front 45

Creates a water impenetrable barrier between the cells

Back 45

Casparian strip

Front 46

Makes up the tissues inside the endodermis

Back 46

Vascular cylinder (Stele)

Front 47

Outer part of the vascular cylinder consists of one to several layers of cells called this

Back 47

Pericycle

Front 48

Central tissue area in monocot roots

Back 48

Pith

Front 49

What is xylem tissue at maturity?

Back 49

Dead

Front 50

New xylem is called

Back 50

Sapwood

Front 51

Older xylem is called

Back 51

Heartwood

Front 52

The cuticle reduces _____ or loss of water through evaporation

Back 52

Transpiration

Front 53

Consists of parenchyma cells equipped with numerous chloroplasts and large surface areas, specializations for photosynthesis

Back 53

Palisade mesophyll

Front 54

Consists of parenchyma cells loosely arranged below the palisade mesophyll; provide CO2 to photosynthesizing cells

Back 54

Spongy mesophyll

Front 55

Specialized epidermal cells that control the opening and closing of stomata

Back 55

Guard cells

Front 56

Two pathways by which water moves toward the center of the root

Back 56

Apoplast and symplast

Front 57

Water moves through cell walls from one cell to another without entering the cells

Back 57

Apoplast pathway

Front 58

Water moves from the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of the next through the plasmodesmata

Back 58

Symplast pathway

Front 59

Movement of carbohydrates through phloem from a source

Back 59

Translocation

Front 60

Promotes plant growth by facilitating the elongation of developing cells

Back 60

Auxin

Front 61

Group of hormones that stimulate cytokinesis

Back 61

Cytokinins

Front 62

Gas that promotes the ripening of fruit

Back 62

Ethylene

Front 63

Growth inhibitor; maintains dormancy in seeds

Back 63

Abscisic acid (ABA)

Front 64

Growth pattern in response to an environmental stimulus

Back 64

Tropism

Front 65

Response to light, is achieved by the action of the hormone auxin

Back 65

Phototropism