Apbio - Plant Transport - Test

Front 1

Why does active transport of mineral ions require specific carrier proteins embedded in the cell membrane?

Back 1

Because soil is too dilute to create gradient

Front 2

What fuels the active transport of minerals ions?

Back 2

Cellular respiration

Front 3

What transports the ions across the plasma membrane?

Back 3

Proton pump

Front 4

What happens when ions are transported across the plasma membrane?

Back 4

H+ ions pumped out of cell and create pH gradient and voltage across the membrane to drive transport

Front 5

Two ways that water moves to stele (center) of the root

Back 5

Symplast and Apoplast

Front 6

"Living" part of cells

Back 6

Symplast

Front 7

"Nonliving" part of cells; extracellular pathway

Back 7

Apoplast

Front 8

Water moves from cell cytoplasm to cell cytoplasm through the plasmodesmata; goes all the way to the stele

Back 8

Symplast

Front 9

Water moves through cell walls without ever entering the cells in this method of water moving to the stele of the root

Back 9

Apoplast

Front 10

What blocks the apoplast pathway?

Back 10

The casparian strip

Front 11

Waxy layer of suberin around each cell of endodermis that is impervious to water and dissolved minerals

Back 11

Casparian stripe

Front 12

What do endodermal cells allow to enter the stele

Back 12

Water but they are selective about minerals entering (K+ can pass, but Na+ is blocked)

Front 13

What selectively pump ions out of the apoplast into the symplast so they may enter the xylem which requires energy

Back 13

Transfer cells

Front 14

The ascent of xylem sap depends on what?

Back 14

Transpiration and properties of water (cohesion/adhesion/H bonds)

Front 15

The evaporation of water from the aerial parts of a plant. Creates negative pressure

Back 15

Transpiration

Front 16

Xylem sap rises against gravity, driven by a gradient of _____ _____

Back 16

Water potential

Front 17

Water flows from an area of _____ water potential to an area of _____ water potential

Back 17

High; Low

Front 18

Osmotic pressure; occurs when transpiration is low, root cells pump ions into the stele

Back 18

Root pressure

Front 19

Root pressure causes water uptake by the stele which forces _____ (up the) _____

Back 19

Fluid up the xylem

Front 20

Formation of sap on the margins of leaves of grasses and small herbs caused by root pressure

Back 20

Guttation

Front 21

When does guttation occur?

Back 21

During the night when transpiration is low and more water enters leaves than is transpired

Front 22

Explains most water movement through xylem movement

Back 22

Cohesion-tension theory

Front 23

Evaporation from leaves due to stomata opening to obtain CO2, causes negative pressure (tension) to occur within the leaves and tissue

Back 23

Transpiration

Front 24

Transpiration causes _____ _____ to occur within the leaves and tissue

Back 24

Negative pressure

Front 25

Tree trunk diameter can decrease on a very hot day due to _____ _____

Back 25

Negative pressure

Front 26

Produces a single column of water from roots to leaves within xylem tissues

Back 26

Cohesion

Front 27

The rise of liquids in narrow tubes; results from forces of adhesion between hydrogen bonds of water and hydrophobic walls of xylem

Back 27

Capillary action

Front 28

Occurs as water molecules evaporate from the leaf surface by transpiration

Back 28

Bulk flow

Front 29

Driving force for ascent of sap through plants

Back 29

Gradient of water potential caused by the sun

Front 30

Four factors affective transpiration

Back 30

Temperature, humidity, air currents, and opening and closing of stomates

Front 31

Three things about transpiration

Back 31

supplies water to leaves assists in the transfer of minerals and results in evaporative cooling

Front 32

Stomates open when _____ and close when _____

Back 32

Turgid; flaccid

Front 33

Each stoma is surrounded by _____ _____ _____

Back 33

Two guard cells

Front 34

_____ _____ expand and buckle as water diffuses in and make an opening

Back 34

Guard cells

Front 35

_____ guard cells produce kidney-shaped guard cells that create an opening (stoma) between them

Back 35

Dicot

Front 36

_____ guard cells produce dumb-bell shaped guard cells to create opening

Back 36

Monocot

Front 37

Factors affect movement of stomata (5)

Back 37

Water availability to leaf, CO2 concentration, temperature, light, K+ ion concentration