A&p.2.respiratory.1

Front 1

what is the structure of the external nose?

Back 1

-hyaline cartilage, bone, nares that lead to vestibules, and hair
-lined with mucous membrane

Front 2

what is the function of the external nose?

Back 2

course filter due to hairs and mucous

Front 3

what is the structure of the internal nose?

Back 3

-nasal cavity; lines with muscle and mucous membrane
-paranasal sinus ducts
-nasal septum
-projections of superior, middle, inferior nasal conchae

Front 4

what are paranasal sinus ducts?

Back 4

airfilled chambers (hollow) lined with mucous membrane and provide drainage; named for the bone that theyre in

Front 5

what is the nasal septum?

Back 5

-divides right and left half
-CT in anterior
-perpendicular plate and volmer bones, ethmoid bones, superior and inferior conchae in posterior portion

Front 6

what are the five functions of the internal nose?

Back 6

1. warms incoming hair with capillaries (heat) and mucous (moisture)
2. filtering (trap in mucous)
3. olfaction
4. resinence (modifying/amplifying sound)
5. provides heat and moisture

Front 7

how long is the pharynx?

Back 7

5in long from internal nares to the crycoid cartilage of the laryngopharynx

Front 8

what are the three regions of the pharynx?

Back 8

1. nasopharynx
2. oropharynx
3. laryngopharynx

Front 9

what is the nasopharynx?

Back 9

receives air from nasal cavity and is made up of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue for secreting
-pharynheal tonsil

Front 10

what is the oropharynx?

Back 10

recieves air from the nasopharynx and food from fauces and is made up of nonkeratinized stratified squamos epithelium
- palatine and lingual tonsils

Front 11

where are fauces?

Back 11

between the pharynx and oral cavity

Front 12

what is the laryngopharynx?

Back 12

resporatory and digestive pathway and is made up of nonkeratinized stratified squamos epithium that resists pathogens

Front 13

where does the laryngopharynx open into?

Back 13

esophagus and larynx

Front 14

what are the three functions of the pharynx?

Back 14

1. filters contaminants (tonsils)
2. passageway for air and food
3. change resinence; resinating chamber for speech sounds

Front 15

explain the structure of the larynx?

Back 15

it has nine pieces of cartilage which include three single and three paired

Front 16

what are the three single cartilages of the larynx?

Back 16

1. thyroid
2. epiglottis
3. cricoid cartilage

Front 17

what is the thyroid cartilage?

Back 17

provides a shield (adams apple); larger in men because of testosterone

Front 18

what is the epiglottis?

Back 18

flap of elastic cartilage over larynx and prevents food from entering the larynx

Front 19

what is the cricoid cartilage?

Back 19

connection point between larynx and trachea (continuation of air tube)

Front 20

what are the three paired cartilages of the larynx?

Back 20

1. arytenoid
2. corniculate
3. cuneiform

Front 21

what isthe arytenoid cartilage?

Back 21

-influence changes in position and tension of vocal folds
-opening and closing of glottis and production of sound

Front 22

what is the corniculate cartilage?

Back 22

supporting structure for epiglottis; articulate with arytenoid

Front 23

what is the cuneiform cartilage?

Back 23

support vocal folds and lateral aspects of epiglottis and arytenoid cartilage

Front 24

what are the three functions of the larynx?

Back 24

1. passageway for air
2. epiglottis- provides switching mechanism between food and air
3. voice production

Front 25

what four components make up the trachea?

Back 25

1. pseudostratified ciliated columnar mucosal epithelium
2. submucosa
3. c-shaped hyaline cartilage rings
4. trachaelis muscle

Front 26

what is the trachea?

Back 26

wind pipe, anterior to esophagus

Front 27

what is the pseudostratified ciliated columnar mucosal epithelium do?

Back 27

-contains goblet cells
-trapped formed foreign particles by sweeping mucous up to swallow it via the esophagus (ciliated)

Front 28

what is submucosa consisted of?

Back 28

mucous and serous glands

Front 29

what does the c-shaped hyaline cartilage rings do?

Back 29

prevent tracheal collapse; expansion of esophagus into trachea

Front 30

what does the trachaelis muscle do?

Back 30

-connects the ends of the tracheal cartilage
-contracts to reduce the diameter of the tube and increase resistance to airflow

Front 31

what six components make up the bronchial tree?

Back 31

trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Front 32

what are the smallest tubules in the bronchial tree?

Back 32

bronchioles

Front 33

what do the walls of bronchi contain?

Back 33

cartilage rings and smooth muscle; the further into the bronchioles, the more smooth muscle, and the less cartilage

Front 34

explain the structure and function of the bronchial tree?

Back 34

-more branches=smaller diameter
-progressive alteration and eventual elimination of cartilage support
-amount of smooth muscle increases to bronchiolar level
-progressive change in lumen lining

Front 35

what happens as we go further down the bronchial tree?

Back 35

-further down we go the more cilia we lose
-less filtering and more macrophage as we get down past the cilia

Front 36

where is the conducting zone?

Back 36

starts at the nose to terminal bronchioles

Front 37

where is the respiratory zone?

Back 37

begins at respiratory bronchioles (exchange of gases)