Ap2 Test 4

Front 1

functions of the lymphatic system:

Back 1

two major functions
-immunity
-to help maintain blood volume

Front 2

lacteals

Back 2

specialized lymphatic capillaries found in the small intestine pick up absorbed fats and take to live and are in the alveoli in the SI

Front 3

most nutrients are absorbs in the blood except

Back 3

lipids aka fats

Front 4

lipids are taken care of were

Back 4

liver

Front 5

lyphatic system first main function

Back 5

help maintain blood volume, when you have capillary beds some plasma leaks out you see some plasma gone due to
- osmotic pressure changing
-hydrostic pressure changing if it happens arround tissue it is called edema causes swelling

Front 6

when plasma escapes

Back 6

you get sweeling called edema

Front 7

interstintial fluid

Back 7

plasma, plasma electlytes, plasma gases, is outside the blood stream if keeeps accumaling will get edema

Front 8

lyphatic cappilaries

Back 8

smallest structures in the lyohatic system, in the interstitial fliud, are there to pick up interstitial fliud so you dont get edema,

Front 9

lyphatic capillaries are made of

Back 9

simple squamous epithelial

Front 10

so the interstitial fluid is picked up by ___ and once it is picked up the name is now called ____

Back 10

lyphatic capillaries, lymph

Front 11

capillaries come together to larger thongs called

Back 11

lyphatic vessels

Front 12

lymphatic vessels

Back 12

are similiar to veins in the circulaory system, have tunics and valves, three layers , pass through several lymph nodes

Front 13

filter lymph is function

Back 13

lymph nodes

Front 14

lyphatic vessels is the only thing that can go throgh

Back 14

lymph nodes

Front 15

several lyhphtic vessels may come togther to form larger vessels called

Back 15

lymphatic trunks and are named after the section of the body that they drain

Front 16

in lyohatic system several trunks come back togther to form two main

Back 16

lyphatic collecting ducts, two largest structures
-right thoracic duct
-thoracic duct

Front 17

thoracic duct

Back 17

longest and largest of two ducts basically originates in the abdominal pelvic and runs into the chest cavity and brings the fluid from the legs up (lymph or plasma)takes back to circulatory system and joins the left subclavian vein and empties here, (by left jugualr vein)is dump into the RA oxygen poor side

Front 18

right thoracic duct

Back 18

starts and stops in the thoracic cavity and drains the head and neck , returns filtered plasma

Front 19

subclavian vein

Back 19

is where the thoracic cavity empties then this empties, (by left jugualr vein) or dump into the RA oxygen poor side

Front 20

what is the functions of the ducts

Back 20

return filtered plamsa to the heart

Front 21

lymph nodes info:

Back 21

has a convex surface and a concave surface, is one oping into hilum, is living tissue need blood supply

Front 22

hilum

Back 22

opening into the lyphm node on concave side all blood supply enters here, atereries, veins, nerves

Front 23

concave lymph side

Back 23

afferent lymph vessels enter here and bring lymph in

Front 24

convex lymph side

Back 24

ateries, veins, nerves

Front 25

nodules

Back 25

structural unit of a lymph node makes more iffecient make into chambers

Front 26

lymphocytes

Back 26

immunity main function is prodiced in lymph node and they are phocytic eat what come it and clean debree waste ect

Front 27

swollen node means you have a overprodution of

Back 27

lymph nodes, peyers pathches in intestine

Front 28

____ travels through lymph nodes

Back 28

cancer

Front 29

lymph function

Back 29

make sure it is clean plasma when gets back to heart

Front 30

no direct cinection between the heart and the

Back 30

lymphatic system

Front 31

we move lymph

Back 31

valves
breathing
hydrostatic pressure
skeletal muscle
same as veis

Front 32

thymus gland

Back 32

attaches to the top of heart, lobules are in it

Front 33

thymus gland info:

Back 33

starts of as lyphatic tissue,is active through puberty and young adulescants, when you get elderly it turns to adipose c.t and elastic b/c you dont need it no more

Front 34

lobules

Back 34

compartments in the thymus by c.t and you find lymphocytes in here

Front 35

thymocytes

Back 35

are lyphocytes that are in the thymus gland are in inactive

Front 36

when thymocytes gain a active function they are called

Back 36

tcells ,t lyphocytes

Front 37

thymosin

Back 37

is required to changed thymocytes to t-cells

Front 38

if you have an ineffisent amount of thymosin you wont have any

Back 38

t- cells

Front 39

we gain most immunity through t-cells through

Back 39

puberty

Front 40

spleen

Back 40

the biggest lyphatic organ, just lateral to the stomach

Front 41

lobules

Back 41

compartments of spleen

Front 42

spleen is a

Back 42

non vital organ you can live without it

Front 43

non vital define

Back 43

you can live without

Front 44

fuctions of spleen

Back 44

filters blood
stores blood

Front 45

liver can taker over functions of the

Back 45

spleen

Front 46

white pulp

Back 46

masses of lyphocytes, inside the lobules, clean filters blood takes out what we dont need or want

Front 47

red pulp

Back 47

blood

Front 48

when lyphocytes are in the spleen they are

Back 48

phagocytic

Front 49

what are 3 phogocytic things in the lyphatic system

Back 49

liver, spleen, lyphocytes

Front 50

stomach is

Back 50

digestive system

Front 51

immunity

Back 51

our bodys response to infection or inflammation

Front 52

infection

Back 52

the presence and multilcation of disease causing agents

Front 53

pathogens

Back 53

living disease causings agent
-bacteria
-viruses
-protozoans
-fungi

Front 54

what are the types of pathogens

Back 54

-bacteria
-viruses
-protozoans
-fungi

Front 55

allergens

Back 55

list could be living or non
-dust
-cat dander
-house hold cleaners
-pollen(living)

Front 56

types of allergens

Back 56

-dust
-cat dander
-house hold cleaners
-pollen(living

Front 57

anything that lyphocytes respond to as far as a immune resonse that come in the body so that resonse is a ____

Back 57

antigen

Front 58

antigen info

Back 58

is non living and living

Front 59

self substance

Back 59

what your body produces is self substance

Front 60

non self substance

Back 60

come from someone else in the body is produce else where

Front 61

most ___ is good and we need them

Back 61

bacteria

Front 62

fetus is a

Back 62

non self substance

Front 63

selective supression immune system

Back 63

is when you have a spontaneous abortion tcells b/c body rejects sperm

Front 64

non specific immunity

Back 64

1.species resistance
2.mechanical barrier
3.enzymtic action
4.interferon
5.inflammation
6.phagocytosis

Front 65

two types of immunity

Back 65

specific immunity
non specific immunity

Front 66

species resistance

Back 66

we have a blanket immunity to disease that other species get so we dont get
1.parvo can be, hiv

Front 67

mechanical barrier

Back 67

skin, we have it, maintains the homeostostis of the body

Front 68

enzymatic action

Back 68

have enzymes in our fluid even tears (lysozyme)keep bacterial levels out

Front 69

interferon

Back 69

hormone like peptide, use to treat cancer (tumors), responds to virus and stops the spread,

Front 70

inflammation

Back 70

inflammatory response, WBC come to site due to bruise open cut ect, macrophages, trying to localize it

Front 71

phagocytosis

Back 71

monocytes, nuetrophils are phogoctytic, mono eat big stuff

Front 72

specific immunity

Back 72

pathogens
toxins poisoins substances

Front 73

antigens

Back 73

anything that which a lymphocyte displays a immune response

Front 74

antigens types

Back 74

pathogens
allergens

Front 75

pathogens

Back 75

disease causing using living

Front 76

allergens

Back 76

can be living or non living and cause allergic reactians type of immunity

Front 77

haptens

Back 77

small antigens and come into the ody on other big antigens can be like dust or chemicals in the air

Front 78

stem cells

Back 78

underfferintated lynphytes, do not have a purpose yet

Front 79

is some red bone marrow in fetal production that produces

Back 79

lymphoytes and get into the blood stream

Front 80

50% of the cells come from the RBC and go to the

Back 80

thymus gland(deffericaite) then thymasin changes it to T-cells then enters blood for second time pr can circulae in blood for 2nd time about 70-80 do this and the rest go to the sites of lyhmp nodes and sites of spleen

Front 81

other 50% of the cells come from the RBC and go to the

Back 81

is processed in the fetal liver then is to b-lyphocytes which is bone marrow devrived, then has two ways to go in to the blood about 20-30% circ lyphocyte and others settle in lymphatic organs and nodes spleen

Front 82

lymphokines

Back 82

chemical substance that T-cells produce to help the cells fight of antigens

Front 83

b- means

Back 83

bone marrow derived

Front 84

t- means

Back 84

thymus derived

Front 85

antibodies

Back 85

are protiens are produces and secreted by b-cells`

Front 86

b-cells produce what
t-cells produce what

Back 86

antibodies
lymphokines

Front 87

t-cells info

Back 87

require the presense of another kind of cell(assesory cell) before they can be activated

Front 88

t-cell can be activeted by

Back 88

macrophages, b-cells

Front 89

b-cells info

Back 89

can be activated when you encounter an antigen thats molecular shape fits the shape of the b-cells anitigen receptors

Front 90

Antibodies info

Back 90

are produced and secreted by the b-cells are soluble globular proteins called immonoglobulins

Front 91

primary immune response
secondary immunse response

Back 91

first encounter a lymhocyte has with the antigen, everything after is you secondary

Front 92

immonoglobulins

Back 92

b-cells are soluble globular proteins is also the shot you get from the doctor

Front 93

secondary immune response is also called

Back 93

memory cells because the next time it rembers and the t-cells take care of it and take care of it immunity

Front 94

antigens

Back 94

B-cells:
globular proteins
attack antigens directly
activate enzymes
stimulate local changes to prevent spread to antigens

Front 95

specific immunity

Back 95

three ways to gain
-naturally aquired
-artiffically aquired active immunity
-artificially aquired passive immunity

Front 96

naturally aquired active immunity

Back 96

get from disease so then you you naturrally get the antigen and immunity, long term immunity

Front 97

artificially aquired active immunity

Back 97

vaccine, are long term

Front 98

artificially aquired passive immunity

Back 98

you gamma gobulin shot,ready made antibodies are short term immunity

Front 99

allergens- non living, living or

Back 99

immediate-show up now
delayed- reaction later

Front 100

specialized group of t-cells, supress reaction

Back 100

supressor cells

Front 101

slective supressive supressive immunty

Back 101

allows you to carry a fetus and the sperm some dont have this and get spontaneous abortions

Front 102

immunosupreesive drugs

Back 102

non self substance so we use these drugs to help the body supress our immune system

Front 103

lacteals

Back 103

specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the villi of the small intestine

Front 104

lacteals functions

Back 104

absorb and transport lipids/fats from the digestive system

Front 105

tissue fluid that enters the lymphatic cavity is known as what

Back 105

lymph

Front 106

lymph glands are also known as

Back 106

lymph nodes

Front 107

what is the largest lymhphic organ

Back 107

spleen

Front 108

what are lacteals

Back 108

specialized lyphatic capilllaries located in the villi of the small intestine

Front 109

what is the function of lacteals

Back 109

to absorb and transport lipids/fats from the digestive system

Front 110

tissue fluid has entered a lyphatic capillary is called

Back 110

lymph

Front 111

lymph glands are also known as

Back 111

lymph nodes

Front 112

what is the largest lymphatic organ

Back 112

spleen

Front 113

where are t-cells produced

Back 113

thymus gland

Front 114

disease causeing agents are called what

Back 114

pathogens

Front 115

name the types of non-specific immunity

Back 115

species resistance, mechanical barriers

Front 116

a group of hormone like peptides, produced by lyphocytes and fibroblasts, that inhibit the proliferation of viruses, stimulate phagocytoysis and enhance cell resistance to infections and tumor growth are known as

Back 116

interferon

Front 117

the resistance of particular foreign agents pathogens and or their toxins is called

Back 117

specific

Front 118

an artificially aqured immunity is a

Back 118

vaccine

Front 119

___ reactions can either be emediate or delayed

Back 119

allergic

Front 120

immodepressents

Back 120

are given to people who are given organ transplants

Front 121

lymph from the lower regions of the body, the left arm the left side of the head and neck enters the ___ duct of the lymphatic system that begins in the abdomen

Back 121

thoracic

Front 122

the right lymphatic duct empties into the ___ of the circulatory system

Back 122

right subclavin vein

Front 123

the movement of lymph is controlled largely by

Back 123

skeletal muscle activity

Front 124

the structural units of lymph nodes are called

Back 124

nodules

Front 125

lymph nodes contain large numbers of cells called

Back 125

lymphocytes

Front 126

large numbers of ___ are responsible for the red pulp in the spleen

Back 126

red blood cells

Front 127

the bodys defense mechanisms against disease causing agents is called

Back 127

immunity