Ap2 Test 1

Front 1

define anatomy

Back 1

the structure of the body

Front 2

define physiology

Back 2

function of the structures of the body

Front 3

what is homeostasis

Back 3

maintenance of a stable internal environment so the needs of the organism are met

Front 4

define negative feedback

give an example

Back 4

the self regulating process that causes stimulus to decrease or end. The goal is to return the system to normal operating system.

Temperature control: body sweats to lower body temperature.

Front 5

what structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

Back 5

diaphragm

Front 6

where is the dorsal cavity located and what does it contain?

Back 6

the back of the body, contains brain and spinal chord

Front 7

where is the ventral cavity located and what does it contain?

Back 7

front of the body, contains thoracic (lungs, heart, asophygus, trachia, thymus, mediastinum) and abdominopelvic cavity (guts).

Front 8

what is the mediastinum?

Back 8

a region within the thoracic cavity between the lungs behind the sternum.

Front 9

what do the thoracic and abdominopelvic membranes secrete?

Back 9

a fluid called serous fluid

Front 10

what is the parietal layer of the membrane?

Back 10

the part of the membrane that lines the cavity wall

Front 11

what is the visceral layer of the membrane?

Back 11

the part of the membrane that covers the organ

Front 12

what is the thoracic cavity and what membranes does it contain?

Back 12

the thoracic cavity is the chest cavity.

it contains the pleural membranes (lung membranes) and pericardial membranes (heart membranes).

Front 13

where is the parietal pleura membrane?

Back 13

the parietal pleura membrane lines the wall of the chest cavity.

Front 14

where is the visceral pleura membrane?

Back 14

this membrane covers the lungs.

Front 15

where is the parietal pericardium membrane?

Back 15

this membrane lines the area between the lungs known as the mediastinum

Front 16

where is the visceral pericardium membrane?

Back 16

this membrane covers the heart.

Front 17

what is the abdominopelvic cavity and what membranes does it contain?

Back 17

the abdominopelvic cavity consists of your organs found in the abdominal and pelvic cavity.

It contains your peritoneal membranes. (cover everything in abdominal/pelvic region except your kidney)

Front 18

where is the parietal peritoneum?

Back 18

this membrane lines the abdominopelvic cavity

Front 19

where is the visceral peritoneum?

Back 19

this membrane covers all organs within the cavity except the kidney.

Front 20

what is the body's internal communication system composed of ?

Back 20

the endocrine system (glands secrete hormones into bloodstream) and the nervous system (neurons carry electrical impulses across the body. when the impulse reaches the end of an axon, neurotransmitters are released carrying the message across the the synaptic cleft to another neuron, muscle or gland.)

Front 21

what is the nervous system composed of?

Back 21

the central nervous system (Brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (cranial nerves and spinal nerves. communication lines between the cns and the rest of the body)

Front 22

what is the Peripheral nervous system composed of?

Back 22

the sensory (afferent) division (somatic and visceral sensory neurons; conducts impulses from sensory receptors to the cns) and the motor (efferent) division (motor neurons; conducts impulses from the CNS to effector organs (muscles and glands))

Front 23

what is the motor (efferent) division composed of ?

Back 23

the somatic nervous system (voluntary motor functions; conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles) and the autonomic nervous system (involuntary motor functions (visceral), conducts impulses from the CNS to the cardiac muscle, smooth muscles and glands.)

Front 24

what is the autonomic nervous system composed of?

Back 24

the sympathetic division (fight or flight, arousal and excitement) and parasympathetic division (rest and digest, mellow out and maintain)

Front 25

what are neurons?

Back 25

the basic functional units of the nervous system.

Front 26

what is the function of a neuron

Back 26

one way transmission of impulses

Front 27

what is an axon?

Back 27

carries nerve impulses away from the cell body of a neuron

Front 28

what is a dendrite?

Back 28

carry nerve impulses towards the cell body of a neuron

Front 29

what is a neuroglial cell?

Back 29

a type of cell found in the organs of the nervous system. they fill spaces, provide structural framework, support neurons, aid in the regulation of nutrients for neurons, produce myelin, produce scar tissue and carry phagocytes.

Front 30

What are the cells found in the CNS?

Back 30

astrocyte

microglia

ependymal cells

oligodendrocytes

Front 31

what do astrocytes do?

Back 31

astrocytes provide structural support for neurons, form scar tissue, and nourish the nervous system.

Front 32

what do microglia do?

Back 32

perform phagocytosis (clean up waste, pathogens, and foreign material.)

Front 33

what do ependymal cells do?

Back 33

line the ventricles and central canal. They have cilia which circulates CSF.

Front 34

what do oligodendrocytes do?

Back 34

wrap multiple axons in myelin (insulate by myelinating)

Front 35

What are the neuroglial cells found in the PNS?

Back 35

Schwann cells

Front 36

what do schwann cells do?

Back 36

myelinate one axon on a neuron in myelin, the reson you can regenerate. your PNS can regenerate.