Ap2, Chap 27, Fluid Electrolyte And Acid-Base Balance

Front 1

we must maintain a normal volume of ______________ ______ and _____________ _______ to survive

Back 1

extracellular fluid (ECF, and the intracellular fluid (ICF)

Front 2

ECF

Back 2

the intestinal fluid, plasma, and other body fluids

Front 3

intracellular fluids

Back 3

cytosol

Front 4

ions in ECF

Back 4

sodium, chloride, bicarbonate,

Front 5

ions in ICF

Back 5

potassium, magnesium, phosphate, large numbers of negative charged proteins

Front 6

increased ADH release

Back 6

1- stimulates water conservation at hte kidneys, reducing urine loss and concentrating the urine; 2- stimulates thirst center, promoting intake of fluids

Front 7

high plasma concentration of aldosterone

Back 7

more effectively the kidneys conserve because "water follows salt"

Front 8

loss of body water is associated with:

Back 8

1- sever thirst; 2- dryness of the skin, 3- fall in plasma volume or blood pressure

Front 9

if u lose water than:

Back 9

you retain eletrolytes, and the osmotic concentration of ECF rises

Front 10

Osmosis --> isotonic

Back 10

osmosis moves water out of the ICF and into the ECF until the two solutions are isotonic

Front 11

large amount of salt consumtion without fluid consumption

Back 11

plasma concentration will rise temporarily

Front 12

increase in aldosterone:

Back 12

increase Sodium absorbtion and Potassium secretion

Front 13

aldosterone effects

Back 13

the rate at which potassium is lost from the urine

Front 14

ion pumps are sensitive to:

Back 14

potassium, and reabsorb from filtrate in exchange for peritubular fluid

Front 15

reflects an interplay between the reserves in the bone, rate of reabsorbtions along the digestive trast, and rate of loss in the kidneys

Back 15

calcium homeostasis

Front 16

maintain calcium homeostasis in the ECF

Back 16

PTH and calcitonin

Front 17

raise the concentration fo calcium

Back 17

PTH, calcitrol

Front 18

decrease the concentration of calcium

Back 18

calcitonin

Front 19

important factor affecting pH in body tissues

Back 19

PCO2

Front 20

the carboxylate ion and amine group act as a weak pH

Back 20

if pH drops

Front 21

teh weak pH functions to:

Back 21

accept H ions, forming a carboxyl groups and amino group

Front 22

prevent pH changes caused by organic acids and fixed acids in ECF

Back 22

carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

Front 23

Hypoventilation causes pH to...

Back 23

decrease

Front 24

chronic respiratory acidosis

Back 24

emphysema, CHF, pneumonia

Front 25

1- individuals adapting to high altitudes, where low PCO2 hyperventilation

Back 25

respiratory alkalosis

Front 26

starvation causes...

Back 26

ketoacidosis

Front 27

ketoacidosis is a complication of ...

Back 27

diabetes mellitus

Front 28

an impaired ability to excrete at the kidneys

Back 28

metabolic acidosis

Front 29

severe kidney damage

Back 29

glomerulonephritis

Front 30

person who vomits replaces stomach acid therefore...

Back 30

HCO3 concentratio of ECF will rise

Front 31

increase amount of anti-acids causes...

Back 31

metabolic alkalosis