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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx
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upper respiratory
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function of upper respiratory (inhale)
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filter, warm, humidify incomming air
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function of upper respiratory components
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protect delicate structures of lower respiratory
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function of upper respiratory (exhale)
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cool, dehumidify outgoing air
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pirmary passageway for entering the respiratory system
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nose
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air enters through
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paired external nares, or nostrils
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where do nostrils lead to?
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opening up into the nasal cavity
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space within the flexible tissues of the nose
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vestibule
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vestibule epithelium
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contain course hairs, extending across nares
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prevente sand, airborne particals, and insects from entering the nose
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course hairs on vestibular epithelium
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made up portions of hte maxillary adn palatine bones
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hard palate
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floor of nasal cavity
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hard palate
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separates nasal cavity and oral cavity
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hard palate
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chamber shared by digestive and respiratory
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pharynx
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tissue on laryngopharynx and oropharynx
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stratified squamous epithelium
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stratified, squamous epithelium
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resists abrasion, chemical attack, and invasions by pathogens
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where inhaled air leaves pharynx and enters larynx
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glottis
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cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects glottis
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larynx
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unpaired cartilages that form larynx (3)
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1- thyroid cartilage
2- cricoid cartilage 3- epiglottis |
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largest laryngeal cartilage
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thyroid cartilage
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consists of hyline cartliage
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thyroid cartilage
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forms anterior and lateral walls of the larynx
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thyroid cartilage
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what happens during swallowing?
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larynx elevates, epiglottis folds back over glottis (prevents food from entering)
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cartilages of Larynx (3)
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1- arytenoid
2- corniculate 3- cuneiform |
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cartilage articulate with superior border of enlarged portion of cricoid cartilage
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arytenoid
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articulate iwth arytenoid cartilages
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corniculate
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opening and closing of the glottis, and production of sound
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arytenoid and corniculate
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involved in the production of cound
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vocal folds a.k.a. vocal cords
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the trachea braches with the _____
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mediastinum
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trachea branching to the mediastinum gives rise to the _____ and _____
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Right pulmonary bronchi and left pulmonary bronchi
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divides the lungs into pulmonary lobules
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interlobular septa
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simple squamous epithelium
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alveolar epithelium
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Type I cells
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simple squamous epithelium, thin and delicate
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alveolar ducts
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thin, delicate, air bubbles
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what causes the alveolar walls not to collapse?
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surfactant- without it, the walls would collapse
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physical movement of air into and out of the lungs
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pulmonary ventilation; breathing
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normal intestinal fluids PO2?
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40 mm Hg
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blood entering the systemic circuits PO2?
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40 mm Hg
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oxygen molecules bind to ___
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hemoglobin (Hb) molecules (Fe)
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where are Fe ions
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at centers of Hb units
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important regulator of respiration
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CO2
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increase of arterial blood
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hypercapnia
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prevents overexpansion of lungs during forced breathing
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inflation reflex
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location of strech receptors for inflation reflex
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smooth muscle tissues around bronchioles
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inflation reflex stimulated by _____ ______
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lung expanion
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inhibits expiratory centers, stimulates inspiratory centers, when lungs deflate
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deflating reflex
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