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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Endocrine System acts
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with the nervous system to coordinate and integrate the activity of body cells
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Endocrine System influences
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metabolic activities by means of hormones transported in the blood
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Endocrine System responses
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occur more slowly but tend to last longer than those of the nervous system
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Endocrine System produce
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both hormones and exocrine products (e.g., pancreas and gonads)
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The hypothalamus has both
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neural and endocrine functions
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Other tissues and organs that produce hormones include:
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adipose cells, thymus, cells in the walls of the small intestine, stomach, kidneys, and heart
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Hormones are
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long-distance chemical signals that travel in the blood or lymph
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Autocrines
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chemicals that exert effects on the same cells that secrete them
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Paracrines
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locally acting chemicals that affect cells other than those that secrete them
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Autocrines and paracrines are
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local chemical messengers and will not be considered part of the endocrine system
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Two main classes of hormones
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Amino acid-based hormones and Steroids
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Amino acid-based hormones include
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Amines, thyroxine, peptides, and proteins
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Steroids are
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Synthesized from cholesterol
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Hormones alter
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Plasma membrane permeability of membrane potential by opening or closing ion channels
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Hormones stimulate
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Synthesis of proteins or regulatory molecules and mitosis
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hormones activate or deactivate
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Enzyme Systems
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Hormones induce
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Secretory activity
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The two mechanisms of hormones are
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Water-soluble hormones (all amino acid–based hormones except thyroid hormone) and Lipid-soluble hormones (steroid and thyroid hormones)
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Describe the cAMP signaling mechanism
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1.Hormone (first messenger) binds to receptor 2. Receptor activates G protein
3. G protein activates adenylate cyclase 4. Adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cAMP (second messenger) 5.cAMP activates protein kinases |
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What is cAMP
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Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
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