Ap2 Blood (Cv) System Ch 18

Front 1

WBC Statistics

Back 1

5000-10000/uL
fights infections/disease
Granular: BEN
Agranular: LM

Front 2

RBC Count (normal)

Back 2

4.2 million - 6.2 million

Front 3

Blood

Back 3

Plasma + Formed Elements

Front 4

WBC count (normal)

Back 4

5000-10000 uL

Front 5

Neutrophils

Back 5

-differential is 60-70%; granular (BEN)
-2-5 lobes held by chromosomal strands
-acute bact infxn (pyogen)

Front 6

Normal Blood pH

Back 6

7.4 (7.35-7.45)

Front 7

Hematocrit value (normal)

Back 7

42 O -47 O

Front 8

Platelet (Thrombocyte) count (normal)

Back 8

150,000 - 450,000 uL

Front 9

Blood Volume

Back 9

5 liters

Front 10

Platelet statistics
aka thrombocyte

Back 10

-clotting & coagulation function
-150,000=450,000/uL

Front 11

Neutrophil count (normal)

Back 11

60-70%

Front 12

Plasma

Back 12

"matrix" or fluid (noncellular) portion of the circulating blood

Front 13

Formed Elements

Back 13

cells and cell fragments;
RBC's, WBC's, Platelets (thrombocytes)

Front 14

CBC

Back 14

Complete Blood Count;
= total count of RBC and WBC numbers

Front 15

WBC

Back 15

Leukocytes

Front 16

RBC (aka Erythrocyte) Statistics

Back 16

* 4.2m - 6.2 m

Front 17

Polycythemia

Back 17

abnormal increase in the normal # of RBC's;
-physiological: high elevation
-pathological: disease or bl doping

Front 18

Hemopoiesis

Back 18

Process by wh formed elements of the blood develop

Front 19

Erythropoiesis

Erythropoietin

Back 19

RBC formation;

EPO: a hormone released by the kidney

Front 20

Hematocrit

Back 20

% of total blood volume occupied by RBC's;
--if you know Hgb, x by 3 and that will give you hematocrit (HCT)

Front 21

anemia

Back 21

drop in hematocrit

Front 22

RBC characteristics

Back 22

120 day lifespan; 3 month HB A1c for diabetes; no nucleus or organelles, no DNA, discoid shape, cant reproduce; if you have elevated reticulocyte count, indicates you've lost blood

Front 23

Differential

Back 23

% of each of the different types of WBC's in a blood smear

Front 24

Lymphocytes

Back 24

-differential is 20-25%; agranular (LM)
-large, dark staining nucleus;
-mobilized by Ab & cell mediated immune rxn.
-viral infections(MMR; HIV)

Front 25

Monocytes

Back 25

-normal differential 5%, agranular (LM)
-kidney shaped
-phagocyte->macrophages in tissues
-chronic infxn (EBV, TB)

Front 26

Eosinophils

Back 26

-normal differnetial 2%; granular (BEN); histaminase, 2-3 lobes
-allergic rxn: asthma & hay fever
-parasitic infxn

Front 27

Basophils

Back 27

-differential is 1%; granular (BEN)
-allergic rxn
-mast cells in tissue

Front 28

What makes up Whole Blood?

Back 28

Plasma (55% of whole blood) +
Buffy Coat (1%, composed of leukocytes and platelets) +
Erythrocytes RBC's(45% of whole blood)

Front 29

Types of Lymphocytes

Back 29

B cells-mature in BONE
=>active & incr agnst bact & toxins
=>become plasma cells=>form antibody
T cells-viruses, fungi, transplanted cells, cancer cells
=>mature in THYMUS

Front 30

T4 Lymphocytes

Back 30

-helper cell: helps coord the immune syst. It orchestrates the whole thing to work
- <500 in HIV means treatment needed

Front 31

T8 Lymphocytes

Back 31

=>suppressor
=>cytotoxic
come in after T4 had done its thing & the infection has passed

Front 32

Leukocytosis

Back 32

-incr # of WBC's
-indicates infection, allergy or some other disease

Front 33

Leukopenia

Back 33

-decr # of WBC's
-usu WBC's are protective; this condition presents an elevated risk of infection and cancer

Front 34

Neutrophilia

Back 34

-incr # of neutrophils

Front 35

Neutropenia

Back 35

-decr # of neutrophils

Front 36

Lymphocytosis

Back 36

-incr # of lymphocytes

Front 37

Hypoxia

Back 37

decr cellular O2->kidneys->erythropoietin->RBC production->O2 carried

Front 38

Ischemia

Back 38

decr O2 supply the tissues

Front 39

Anemia

Back 39

reduced O2 carrying capacity of the blood

Front 40

Main 3 causes of Anemia

Back 40

Iron deficiency
B12 deficiency
Folic Acid deficiency

Front 41

Pernicious Anemia

Back 41

loss or decr of IF in stomach->no b12 absorption-> PA

Front 42

Sickle Cell Anemia

Back 42

Abnormal shaped Hgb->pathological RBC: sickle shaped=>results in fragile RBC & blockage in vessels due to their shape

Front 43

Thallassemia

Back 43

Mediterranean disease

Front 44

Aplastic Anemia

Back 44

destruction of red bone marrow or indices w/ erythropoietin loss; bone marrow depression--you make NO cells

Front 45

Jaundice

Back 45

yellow discoloration of sclera, mucus membranes & skin; build up of bilirubin (breakdown by-product of heme). Results from inadequate liver function

Front 46

Neonatal Jaundice

Back 46

ultraviolet or sunshine to treat. RBC damage from birth process causes damage; bilirubin has to go to the liver to get CONJUGATED; liver gets overloaded b/c it takes a few days to get to functioning efficiently

Front 47

neonatal jaundice
can't congugate bilirubin

Back 47

means you can't make it water soluble, wh means you can't excrete it, which means it builds up

Front 48

Pathological Jaundice

Back 48

results from disease, virus, HIV,parasites; destructed conjugate function;
destructed liver

Front 49

Cyanosis

Back 49

bluis purple skin color; Increase in reduced Hgb.

Front 50

Thrombocytopenia

Back 50

decreased platelet count

Front 51

Thrombopoietin

Back 51

produced in the liver; Induction of platelet production in the bone marrow

Front 52

Clotting Factors I-XIII

Back 52

cascade involving Intrinsic (w/in blood) & Extrinsic (in vessels and vascular tissue)

Front 53

Vit K

Back 53

req'd for clotting factor synthesis

Front 54

Hemophilia

Back 54

disorder in clotting mechanism
(carried by female, more prevelent in men)

Front 55

thrombosis

Back 55

clotting in a vessel (unbroken)

Front 56

Embolus

Back 56

a foreign material traveling in the bloodstream (fat, blood clot, air)

Front 57

Blood Group Typing

Back 57

A,B, AB, O, based on presence of Ag
O=universal donor
AB=universal recipient

Front 58

Rh Antigen Factor

Back 58

Rh- without antigen
Rh+ with antigent

Front 59

HD
Hemolytic diseas of the Newborn

Back 59

mother is Rh-, baby Rh+ (!st pregnancy)
all ok, but on second pregn, mom will have built Ab agains Rh+. this causes HD;

Front 60

Hemolytic Anemia

Back 60

early destruction of RBC's

Front 61

Infectious Mononucleosis

Back 61

Infection of B lymphocytes w Epstein-Barr virus

Front 62

Thalassemia

Back 62

Greeks, Italians, Medit Descent;
deficiency or absence of Hgb and low RBC counts

Front 63

Thrombocytopenia

Back 63

Platelet count below 100,000. Small hemorrhagic spots on the skin or hematomas in response to minor trauma

Front 64

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
DIC

Back 64

Widespread clotting in UNBROKEN VESSELS; usually triggered by septicemia or decreased blood flow from cardiac arrest

Front 65

Platelet

Back 65

Thromocyte