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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
prehistory vs. history
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Prehistory – no written documents; History: written proof of history
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features of civilization
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Social etiquette, religion, education, literature
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stages of hominid development
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Austrolopithecus, homo habilis, homo erectus, homo sapiens
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Out of Africa” thesis vs. multiregional thesis
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Humans originated from Africa and proliferated vs. originated from Africa but multiple geographical locations first 100 million years
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Paleolithic Era
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Old Stone Age
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6. Neolithic Era
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New Stone Age
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7. family units, clans, tribes
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A group of people sharing common ancestry
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8. foraging societies
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Nomadic, small communities and population, no political system, economic distribution is more equal
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9. nomadic hunters/gatherers
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Move place to place according to environment; adapts to environment
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10. Ice Age
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Period of time where Earth was covered partly in ice
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civilization
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Changes when agriculture started
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12. Neolithic Revolution
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Farming uses; start of agriculture
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13. Domestication of plants and animals
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Farming system where animals are taken to different locations in order to find fresh pastures
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14. nomadic pastoralism
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Slash-and-burn; once land is depleted, moved on to let soil recover
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15. migratory farmers
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Farmers that migrate instead of settling after using up the land.
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16. partrilineal/patrilocal
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Live with husband’s family. Traced through father’s lineage
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17. irrigation systems
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replacement or supplementation of rainfall with water from another source in order to grow crops
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18. metalworking
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craft and practice of working with metals to create parts or structures. It requires skill and the use of many different types of tools
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19. ethnocentrism
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to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture
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20. foraging
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Looking for food
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21. sedentary agriculture
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Domestication of plants and animals
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22. shifting cultivation
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process by which people take an area of land to use for agriculture, only to abandon it a short time later
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23. slash-and-burn agriculture
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Trees cut down, plots made for agriculture
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24. matrilineal
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System in which one belongs to mother’s lineage
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25. cultural diffusion
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spread of ideas and material culture, especially if these occur independently of population movement
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26. independent invention
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Creative innovations of new solutions to old and new problems
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27. specialization of labor
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specialisation of co-operative labour in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles, intended to increase efficiency of output.
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28. gender division of labor
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Labor divided between man and woman, hunting and gathering etc.
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29. metallurgy and metalworking
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the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements and their mixtures, which are called alloys. craft and practice of working with metals to create parts or structures
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30. Fertile Crescent
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a region in the Middle East incorporating present-day Israel, West Bank, and Lebanon and parts of Jordan, Syria, Iraq and south-eastern Turkey.
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31. Gilgamesh
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Gilgamesh became a legendary protagonist in the Epic of Gilgamesh.
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